P" cx 
Manóm 21, 1863.] 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
acres sof pasture and meadow land partly o on 
sand and in on the А — far 
worked e 
'produce; and seven ог eigh 
1 
breeding sows of 
the small white or Windsor breed, make up the 
stock, 
The chief points to be noted in a history of the 
farm, cd ne peculiarities of cropping and arable 
, the introduction of Teazel culture с ап 
m | fer ко! and useful to 
We believe that if the cultivation of these soils 
| were done by steam power, which would stir the land 
much deeper than it has ever hitherto been ЧЫ, 
without any poaching of the surface soil in doing it 
215 
d 170 | draining. offthe surface water, which, sinking to the | above of the instances in which the ; good judg judg- 
f the plongbing, there rolls along нч surface | ment of the erar ^r С" with success the 
the w and finds its way down through the management „of ар other It was however 
loosened soil to the drains 18 inches lower i 
x c peculiarities of the ra to which he came à 
anger e spring morning when he arrived, 
som e 15 years ago, he was startled at seeing all t the 
on the grot and ; 
would be found that these stiff soils would be 
pnis by the 4 feet eic: and would thus become 
nes much greater depth than 
| hit; 
eac h, h 
Wheat field, E as to pie and ар obliterate 
m and compact soil ang iamen зда а 
As it is, the gault clays yield occasionally good but 
often на erops of Wheat and Beans, with a bar 
fallow annually over a great portion of their en. 
the arable clay al here was useless, and the cost of 
nched on th 
e flock, and the rearing and management 
e 1 
managem 
vem now district, the esce of ox labour, the 
growth 
of calve: 
} e produe at this 
portion of the far ur a а tax and burden on the rest. 
ia tterly, Fia Teazel culture has b in- 
roduced succes «fully into Sussex upon this farm, 
а tha fi 
Vire both o pate ma Soil suit the crop as well as 
e, | anywhere and. ves 30 acres of the 
crop about 10 in à "s some 20 lbs., of seed being 
Scattered per acre in April, Md EQ in upon a 
single ploughing of a Wheat stubble 
below, 100 or MP RENE are Wheat, 50 er аге | We ell harrowed down in-spring. The hina plants are 
Oats, 40 аге Beans an eas, 20 are in Rape, 2 n | Singl out in autumn about 2 feet apart; ga 
Clover, 20 to 30 n Tatal s, 20 or 30 or лы үм [the thinnings are planted out in November 
in bare fallow, 10 er үтүк bouts in Swedish Turnips, twice as much land whieh has been ploughed ndi 
and as much in Mangel Wurzel. tilled а after a Bean or Wheat crop. The sown, crop 
Here we have 190 acres in mor тор, апа 20 о Pa is dug over shallow between the pia nts; with а 
in Teazels, all erops sold off the land, agai ainst 40 es | long bent narrow spade adapted for TERA ising | P 
in Rape and Swedes and Mangels, O0 дарба Мын | porone such diggings between the plants, in the first 
and 46 5 in bare fallow. Тһе cropping is thus >| year, and Зона. the НӘ lc of Sap whole crop in the 
eer 
exceedingly Severe; and t 
а i T acre. 
The Kres commences in Ja Es and continues 
E. d or 8 Bere the men 2. do it ЖА бону 
gst them, cutting th heads in. dsful a 
Teazel Culture.—Til of late years a great portion of fal 
The usual " cultivation for IDA b after Clover, Я 
[single йо ng, if on heav 
ploughings a "y саа 
eans the land is broad-shared, either 
by Bentall's tool or тру. tho еннан turn-wrest plough, 
med wit ith a wide el-edge share. The land is 
+ + 
oat solid in En E it d ploughed and pressed and 
n broadcast. If it cannot be got firm in any other 
cain itis trod by conie beoe ploughing j ; 10 pair of 
oxen, each walking up an hill, are 
ged S i 
& 
PEIES od. e tenant, originally 
n rey | so wing, has i in this case, after numerous experi- 
The average produce of the far 
56 аар ап aero, but it has often 
The sorts grown 8 
at all times, spring umn ; Whi баў Ен, 
а short-strawed Wheat, of good quiis 5 : "golden Р rop, 
Mm of our best red Whe ats e April eat, 
ped Wheat, which bas latterly а э very general 
n all thro 
"óécasionally Map 
ape or Turn 
There i АВ шү ; little e of à rotation TN 
Oats, Be Wheat, Rape, Wheat, Clover, Wheat, & 
де оп tome of tis "a succeed. each other inter: 
also, to be followed by late 
ga ^ ie T un der go , ta ill partly dry. " Three bushels of it per acre are sow 
АВ, AIT Рен anne all tro Dire REOS уау They are then strung on long poe, "m are kept in Ара, and LER Ap, Mery нү i portion of the 
of the Rape below the and generallyafterthe Open sheds ЫП the heads are dry. In winter the урод сгор сиё upon the farm on the very edge of 
"Mangel Wurzel. The Oat crop is taken after Wheat, an M are КЕ Ex and are tied ye bunches T - the down, and promising over half of it, a very good 
, 9ceasionally after late fed Каре and Turnips, though 20 овен ere gs hus 20,000 t to a ‘pack crop, and over. fair produce. The 
2 eil WE ае Te hc The X PAYS Sa — M А: i Xo [ied pet a um cn 
"spring or Apri eat in its place. est j the Ai and a half before, an 
Wheat stubble i Л) broken up for Beans or Pon fo жч, latter as late LA the 26th of MAT: The young 
Swedes. Тһе Oat stubble is elier in RCM e is ердан the pem ot the ed сеа а erop is rolled hard o often fed off 
broken up for Rape or Mangel Wurzel. Meer cA 9000 of which go to a Ps на үү? sheep. There is no hoeing, but nt weeding of 
аге not uncommon per 
roduce per acre, hern 
ring 1v bi er two thirds 
is the crop of only one year obtained from 
i Mid which used to "o really altistaa. The spade 
culture of the crop, makes the Teazel a capital prepara- 
hére 
Боба and Thistles is practised, and the stubbles are 
generally clean. 
Oats are sown on the Wheat stubble ploughed in 
autum late in Spr: ing. Six to e ight 
| bushels of Black Tartarian Oats are generally sown in 
tion for Whea crop 
tingly—a p the district. On this particular m the seeding was 
Mange rash wh which і is aka yita manured. n" et ü after а fallow, for that is а very uncertain process | increased (as the res ЕР experience) from 4 DE hels 
Sheepfold is the g eat machinery for manuring t n these clays. to 6 bushels per acre. fie d Hy average over а 
land; but vy odis of straw are fed and D "This, then,is an instance, as d ex ett ofthe ай series of years 8 quarters per acre over the whole 
in yards b oxen, calves, yearlings and 2-yea кен UM exte dd у but 10 to 12 quarters are not unfrequent. 
olds during winter, and taken out as dung to the ача vation 4 Eod A ES 2 Веа аге sown on one чар ad » Wheat poe 
which are to bein Wheat next year, i.e. ав to 91 | and are e drilled i in rows 12 inches apart, ab the pof 
Bean stubble, ,bare fallow, &c. „АП Wheat is sown Gloucestershire of a small Tick Bean per A Swedes 
aft 
p, whic h would seem to hs. а песеввагу б, for | 
either 
sheepfold. Tha dung cart also goes on the Stubbles 
“теты 
zm. to а small extent, in rows 2 2 apart f the 
at; and Man gel Wurze ls are drilled. on the e ridge i 
in pena for Rape, Mangel W: 
"The d 
and Bean crops taken after Whea t get 
no e On the igitor red soil on the level а 
the top of th hich was broken up 25 yea 
ago, and then received: a heavy dre essing of ца the 
а neighbouring car ic failed The 5 French petu was 
first Mae а. the “4 of the crops grown from it has 
since bee а very good sample, the result 
of a poor "sti "m T E а PEST sort, and a very dry 
i" nie 008 дайдан of bonedust to the sides 
ortion of the dung made in the yards up ане inre 
the straw of all the x iow on d mo dno] i E 
consumed and trodden cattle 
climate, has bee n generally united here with 
ш у 
their effect whether fed off or поё. ,, Whether it be 
a | unusual productiveness, 
А certain portion of the hazard which attends the 
culture of the Teazel, has however. been experienced 
n her e. Al luxuriant t growth an nd magnificent promise 
unadapted to the Hoon (гор which seems on these 
chalky soils to require every possible means of con- 
подана its seed bed, ar not, we cannot say—but we 
ssured that а i is i cases a per- 
onin 
r chalk and on the аай ууч апа | 
on certi t soils, no APO par 
Оп the last named, of which about t 80 nores aro amablo, 
the. БЕ is either for Teaze т Wheat, or|fin 
t, 
Many falde Небе are во stiff | 
"Beans, allow. 
апа intractable e that during ы wet seasons of 1860 |T 
mex 
felis here 
61they were utterly unmanageable. "There are 
, through which drin 4 feet deep and 7 or|crop, the explanati 
b Nay e been dug, out of 
en the h 
в the me a Дере). destsoyed by a fortnight's rain fe d 
Oats in 
heads are E 
just at the critical gm 
| thei E iol 
eir blossom an 
The princ rincipal green crop of the 
ape. і 
З $a gallon of seed рег acre, over red 
ne Wheat and Oat КЫК n sucoession of se 
hich no water | attention of both chemist and ги ове | 
ever uu т Pu in fact utterly useless, ыз по e united whenever any problem con-| Morse and Ог рокам —The cultivation of the 
i from the costly operation. Since | песіей with the growth ofa ри plant to be crops, the the barv of 
then: in the furrows, 30 inches deep, have been | solved. ias vi rei ee cabbaging of thaj the hay анд ou end Mangel V Wurzel dom лб 
, an p to e the land somewhat more | plant on es grown the ing, Xc. furnish employment for 12h and 
le; but even here, already said, a wet | Crop. тт ту ei its. appearanoo on 20 oxen: the former with three men and three boys 
season utterly disables the cultivator, and there were | Some of в felda Е which appear to have grown| with an extra man апа boy when wanted, аё а 
fields duri е past summer or three years the erop with extraordinary luxuriance at first from | cost; for wages of 13s, a week for the man and 3s. or 
in fallow, which last autumn were at length planted to being entirely new. Experienced Teazel TOWerS | 84, Gd. “ог the boys; and the latter with two men 
long time of neglect enforced by the | declare that me ане. the any to “ cabb and four boys at wages of 13s, 12s., 75, and 4з. 
ble condition of the land. . has declared itself in e respectively. During considerable part of the year. 
е cannot help thinking when seeing the 4-horse | Стор җе, i Шеста іу ео A- to naught а this of course these men are at other work, and the oxen 
ог 6-ox teams slowly labouri land of this Way. And it wou in ng to learn what there | are in the yards or ditur. iu ied 
-quality, that there К наге мра беа m о pted | із either of poison or of deficiency detectable by the| Let us estimate the cost of mer arre orar cd 
to the utter destruction of drainage. The failure of  chemist LNSCN Boils Bus affected to account for this place. The pere д and one trum of hay weekly 
i hich hére has been le, | singular mi + bushel о Бел i chaff 
Ad ER unquestionable, | е months of the year, with Wheat Mariano cet 
— а trampling, and if the 30-inch or 3-feet drains| Details of Arable Management —Let us now turn he аии sto а чулай" ; and they may 
a certain extent effective in spite of this tram to оше ol e origini заан of management | the stable and pasturage, ии, von 16s. 
эЛ dur De енды ripe е useful merely for | characteristic of the farm and of the districte The | then be supposed to cost 6s. a E s рео or 
