Max 16, 1863.] 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
469 
aëration of the soil During the last season, he had | 
used one "4 Fowler's steam draining ploughs on the 
Manor Far and 16 had. worked very successfully, „Тһе 
the field, and iem direct to pis home as soon as 
the day's work w s done. Owing to the super: ior 
was ploughed, and this was a matter of very great ima 
port rtance. He һай se seen one- (Чү 420 of Wheat grown 
cultivation by т he found the soil was 
mph infuences, and if, as had been 
is 
improved b; 
ed йе mole plough at the bottom of the fi 
in the m r ditch, and worked it up hill, 
all, but the ML 
and was 
| allot 
бабой, the rain-fall w s, 16 wou! là seldom do 
amage to lan бк Шай that system of 
culture. This they might ie noticed in the case of 
ment ground, for it was not often that ‘allotment 
in which it was ploughed, then when it was drilled 
across the Гон, а was moreover а saving of 
seed ; and they difüeulty with the horse-hoe, 
He had been in 7 he) habit of haying н all his crops horse 
hoed for деми e He used Smith's horse-hoe at the 
of 10 a 
go ^ He pri put three pipes to the mo of & day w * "n H rl no 
drai when they had open drains, whic e | cultivation, teln by вану бое, setting | тона ie Phad no difficulty with the reaping 
рта: УЦ silenta to Сз drains upon clay lan ds. the moisture without injury. t | machine; the one he used being Cuthbert's. Neither 
He had found that clay сац drained by the тъй supépborplady would act much bet un upon а, had ny difficulty with the mowing machine (Burgess 
plough had answered d than when spade hus-|la ш after bei ing culti vated b 1 D fter h & Key's), whilst the carting could of cow e done 
bandry had been AER the land on each side pow ing d t h be He had a this further advantage; no 
being well shaken for at le It was finer б. died from being о backs in furrows. Ву 
not his — s» trouble the meeting with a |state would do n no E but it Чум | the use of steam too, һе "believ ed that summer fallow 
long array of res. Tu pr B seri confining | wonders upon clay soils if worked into a proper tilth. would be ie a ын uan Again, rolling would 
his r коч ire Ју to one day's work ; Further, under any more than 16 was required under 
and if he gave 
them. the cost of the work done in a day, he hou ught 
the was no better criterion 
mas and t 
the 
8, 
management тз ся e prime 
Fowler's 14-horse веб T€ he — € 9451. But 
with regard to figures, h most of the 
gentlemen present had aen. Chronicle 
+ "TT 
one, 
p de. 
il 
ge йе зң з е daily co To f 
wear and t 12s., which made the total cost 27, 
E r day. 
r. HOLLAND, M.P., asked what quantity of coal | 08 
Pt 10s. covered ? 
Mr. With 
cwt. this power they 
о 
abo- had a 
Дош it rea Ye accounted for why where there 
‚44. and t 
the slate К; ш dde 
E fln the size of the worms. brad м had n 
they rad have We corn; and i 
i the worms i 
half an n from the time it 
yas B aod Load to account for Wat, "bt vit 
"jr ce whic the Ro oyal 
he 
te 
зе 
Agri icSitural 8 wm t its comma; olt had n 
it was fit to grow 2| 
vache | 
п ч 
по | better 90 дї Не зе ртм 
The inerease of stock also 
be very great. In the autumn they plonghed 
| their A and planted it with Vetches т Rye at one 
opera. which in the spring of the yer th r duy fed off 
came on with their root crops: 
| their fock of sheep pa be greatly enlarge Кет Their 
root crop would be of much py weight and t 
еа arter to the acre. 
pos more healthy for 
du. TM the la argest crop. 
visae "observe d no Grass la 
goo 
е the 
d remark E 
кс, Ж ioned 
v ja 
f the 
Whilst ЧЕ 
па 
ey could 
do as А wo ork кз „дау by the steam power 
2 with 30 horses the prime 
had the ng 
or more, "ud that the Lond оне ed 
was SE ior the horse-ploughed tor Freud 
pur The crops of seeds they would find to 
be тозду, “better in ондада of the extra 
depth of cultivatio ^: ^d that would "a P ык 
rs with horse 
or pow 
ATiowing, tien, ы ud with h 
d the imp hey worked 1007., 
Т» 10001; hilst the prime cost 
945 
" x yea 
they voii E. e diftieulty i in growing every. а 
Ва ben 
four years t the benefits accruing from 
length of r He foun 
Rvcx: 12 of а 14-hors 
would be RUE to plough an acre of land in е E was 7. 16 was not ошу for that steam ене Eg mot end here. The improvement 
0! опг, acres per day. They would also n stea culi ture та е into Another | resulting to the labouring man was also very consider- 
have sufficient power to attach the Nu and tl erally ond threshing | able, Extra wages encouraged emulation ; a desire was 
do the work twice over in a place. That work of 8 | machines; са проп а rough caleulafion the outside | awakened to rise in the rank; and there was more 
acres in a day, would „cost 5s per acre. ad g | cost for thr eshin ng 800 acr s of la nd w uld be, abou t | time given for educating the "boys, who were not 
the with a drag | 807. a year, 
attached, This would co 6d. и "Тһе first would ‹ come to 800/. There was a бш margin then| Here he should like to notice the mistaken no otion 
ro ad mentioned. si id drag, he aving where of 8007. than | which ези Етик entertained with regard to the 
i dt 
fier and 
The uld be 
Bt. nr d the scarifyi ig 10 inches d H ud is 
ласа operation with steam to bee о tw 
by ho rao powe 
He Wo T now шке, а remark about E e rotation 
he wo ecommen: all 
With regard to the of s 
ied laudlord, de т s inclined 8 dis it very high. Не 
IPIE) 
o|extremcly slow, so that the furrow was 
He looked upon 
farmers like a flock of sheep zooming through a gap. 
е aa ult to get one to start; b 
did start, they all ran in a ody. 
few debug ш from the engine to the anchor, в 
its T eike oí would turn over a greater w eight | 
m with les: t than an 
it bout du, TN the 
tio treading of horses was d diet They went an 
2 бод 
ut once he | 400 yards, than from the anchor to the plough. Tho 
The plough ‚ from | extra power required (as tested by 
move the anchor was only half a horse- -power as the 
y. jd e and moving 
injury d by | the anch orward. Consequently it acted 
Thet equired to 
at a E ный заре 
for 
th. Тһеу br оке ihe pan without 1 
il to the surface. The pace of the plou 
system, to plo i gh for a show-feld t 
without „being broken ; but wit ith ; soni, "power, by 
must go 
rned over | ех 
ard, а to turn the plough, was 
Мер Ww uicker than ап, 
ele 
ith the engine o along the road w; 
xtremely simple. Не had never had any diffculty 
whatsoever; and he would as soon trust his men with 
to field 
s of opini ——- == land eX SA be in 
; he took it that 
rse set jas, p» ns mes vod] in ^ day as 30 
"Tho could use 16 whenever v Mare was 
nothing w not 
16 was Xs broken and the. кї much 
forwarded. Не was inclined to think FU LÁ wa 
very little land in England that could 
ated by steam, „IF the › land were in ridges he soui 
en 
m horse never 
could get up with smo: work by iakoe longi 
days; and perhaps might be advis: de 
two sets of men. Tio vaT dae "m Ач 
any done by x жа The land a steam с culturo 
drained h better. „Не kne w the ue Tad 
lain ке wet ice horse d oxen iia; but since 
it had been cultivated by steam he had never seen a 
drop of water on its surface, though no alteration h 
n made in the drains, which were now just w 
they were 14 у 7 w 
y |n 
which Е чй | ушу most for, 
In 
поб levelled too quickly. He had a me ighbour 
Gloucestershire, Mr. Reed, of MER M bey n | 
е ely hilly farm, some of which w еер as | 
h of a house, and haviig man y sj rois in 
taking an engine from field as he would 
| trust them with а one-horse А rgument which 
had been urged against the of steam was that if 
they did away with horses the ld have none to do 
thei 
i f they Nie their An in the field they esf i E 
over that difton culty. He himself had put eight horses on a 
е harv аа makin, ing the ricks in the field t 
jA bad t to cultivate; yet y tg жаг it with st 
The 
ith 
t +. 
ce ully. апа tear of the steam 
Mein tus would be principally on the clip dre 
the ground i in the field 
during the summer rei the mice did them much 
on 
the anchor, "Ше горе,ап 
| horses in harn m farriery, &c., he considered 
f the one and of the other to be so | у 
n amount that he could scarcely say 
| the sez Ei ет 
early th 
they were p 
He would strongly recommend any gentleman 
who determined Mm md steam culture 
enltivate too h 
of 
i 
d drain without using pipes. "M n that all | addition to other advantages, the risk of the | оё the question, because of arge amount of power 
lad would be greatly LP s of the |steam- A was not so great as the risk with |consumed to propel the engine, horse- „ And the 
applieation of steam- ; but he работу wished "T Torses were subject to i all sorts of illnesses. | damage ch was done by pressing the land. Не 
draw their eres tid {о its use on light lands, "i weit "ptg to have cn P ; for he found 
for it was upon the light lands of England that he |in te busiest times of the year he had known one half | that in the same fiel came upon a piece 
considered would be th est return, | his horses dis able d and rendered unfit for work. Not | | of diy ү that then he MS СОЯ ы: eet to 
inasmuch as by one operation they would entirely |so , which was always fitted for | E engine which was necessar hrough 
chai ange the nature of the x They prevented its | work. uld also turn the steam-engine to idc or "euin brash. 
a great quantit y of land 
be 
hey c 
account hy thres shing, grinding, and doing other things 
Henco thé A ier ot bei: 
prepared with suffici се роне to drive k through tho 4 
hole. Double 
ei there was no baiting and no har 
The labourer made the most of his 
in that t room was incline 
would by the use of stea: Id capable of on the farm with it during the wi bu whe en power uired ыг 
g s, for which it was now altogetl йе. Nov а vory good re meet ht. 
ЖЕШКЕ He Talght just niéution that {һе |һе would by all manner of m rec me Bod melusion, having 
t of ploughi steam with drag attached a£ 5s. an | gentleman ee was inclined to entia W steam steam eul. Mr. Fowler’s tackle, it was no more than justi 
acre, th f scarifying with drag attached at 2s. 6d. | ture at the first onset to buy sufficient power ; leman to say that he considered he was de: 
an acre, and the secet ing at 5s. an more manual labour was requ when e ма к а | the very best of the country for the skil 
e cost of drai with a mole large а | 30-horse power engine than Wish they had only a 5 or | energy, as well as the large төш of eapital, wbich be 
decanter, and a sem dep with pipes, he ui at зар ye |G-horse power engine. Ifthey bad а ada ет | had brought to bear in carrying out steam cultivation 
€hain, or 10s. an ac е; at 40 — to the acre, and Màn = upon a rough calcul the power of four | to а successful issue. vs ovi paf M contd vot 
1 11 (a регеһ or pole), 164 feet apart. Тһе Зар consumed in the draft of tho торе and consent to return to the old ү? : и Д 
ed better and m uicker after rain when stenm- (tiom, л, they would "= have ioe power er left with pred аач pane V fa of 7n f 
plonghed zeg vien horse rog ughed. In fact he h and; but if Lnd had on v т system. a Hs looked P feit ui E 
been drillin n clay land in wet weather, when his | E engine, А de power of four was sev fender ax Er. when itin would effectually 
he draft of the rope and friction, теу had only а fi 
The great ај. of steam G was that ahots e power to cultivate the land. The nto moot T2 ew. E am fia wouid entirely ийи 
P Seeing eving ; а 
ness А ғ off | of conls $ ih рэ Кеер of M T | his rfi vis LK the ld of Goshen nor yet улг, еп 
d 
He 
Peru not to walk in the morning first to the stable and 
then to the field ; 
g | of. Eden, if апу етар 
фе | to 
