Max 30, 1563.] 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONIOLE AND im EM m 
pios 
bim that s drawn over and through the ground | поь T believe be a vi рН 
Which it is liable for 
will and shatter а 
which ае e below а dern ordinary depth, nor 8 
there without doing as much mischief to what lies | фе stuff thus added would be immediately accessible | unjust. Оп the whole, therefore, I do not believe. that culti- 
below them as they do good to what lies over them, | —the larger inner natural store which we already have may | vating by steam power costs me 7s. an acre; that ів á 
аге not the best adapted to tillage venim р that | however be made more immediately and directly useful than it | sum for which suc ld not be y Py Morse 
th t which all horse and ox-drawn |/5: The re box may be better opened һап іб is—horse | Besides, its efficiency is such thata number of hors 
e predi cament in whi tillage, which tramples down more 2 i lifts and softens— | dispensed with whose keep E. ау туа alone jul ped 
implements stand, ex only t em which are | which rivets the bolts upon a bette: asure box than that | double that amount over the work that is accomplished. 
irm ch itii ple perfectly unlocks, хай Ъе » displaced by the'employ- t en is Mr Pullen's Эрна ж» же 
е 
Theorist for about five 
ат н ата " shall speak his 
and then we shall leave him and 
ical 
and experienced man has to | 
e 
gay upon our s 
culturi He 
ubjec talks 
мее асе then is е са of the Theorist 
mpany of agric 
тна body of earth -ono which сап be applied from а A 
T по 
examples in ш 
od sen 
ent of r power—one which 
and will not indurate and poach the land iv does 
de much for the Theorist,and there are lots of 
ha : P his experi: 
He is not pr p pe up steam cultivation. Не is 
muc induce his neighbours to follow 
Take now 4 се" exe ed 
пароша which p 
e, though | we сай him mere 
d má 
oseph D ut 700 
(500 being ае). # "boot stiff dae Beine of it it Gl 
Th 
poor Grass. 
me is not mere speculation an 
and sup- | Sam 
It 4 As mie that 
uel Druoe, al 
Says  — 
аа think ird raliy admitted that we | position that he sigas on us. e clay: 
көб Dy PLAN у considering es i is do ne in to - od liage were it possible— кр about 500 acres, of which 400 аге arable. The two 
feld ix beliesed to tell x feas st ti o imme- | tillage if we could шере H d € " which i is already | farm s used to be worked by 27 horses and 22 oxen. 
diate alteration Should follow in the Bes which Pm been ed, would lay o re-box 'of which | Smith's tackle has bet at "ok on the farm for three 
Чу ае, rwr сыдыр temer TIE comparatively Ide use a at present, mado, "Tho у io йә ges over бош 300 to 400 acres or there? 
a is paid, which of also as a setof| 7260 ost importan upon our e gets over d 
PEDE DYA the PONa ОГ iin, bat Wd oT Ife о хрр and the only reason why we place him in a Se li эт each o b o Arms i f a 1 y doing some 5 
eds ike 7 acres a day, including first and second time 
processes by which th 
p -- са gro Е таан ара lanta ор 9 sorge © class apart from the so-called eee! man—one 
10 als <> oi natural an iving chemistry, in fa » 1 1 
which certain particles in the soil and air are всей up itl web en e а NE gn xe tinc m ity нав а Барма 
assorted and combined, so become food for living plants | that he knows nothing 5 
and animals. That of course is the truth, for it is simply t the ex р nse of wiat t he reco Жа 1 us to r^g vario ча. g L upwards qm e has 
the combination of certain atoms in the soil and air that all y be very good advice, it is a very good thing Eon сБ КА imi vite oing 
pu puir de Á— " а йо noina riis € е hs advises u us to TE Ah even gold may be bought too | 140 P P eios ЕНЕР in in 20 олі Айт өы which 
is the same thing in its result, the plants will starve, and if We wi know the cost as we the ther ere five и vals. The coals, costing 148. а 
th - D —— there зл plants will ANM ; ава 4 мее 168 of s ltivation, and therefore we t 
operations o! age are what ex e 3 shown e е 
ы adapted to bris Mis particles of tHo вой «nd air Mio ue with even restet interest to what men who ‘have ‘put 15s 2d p аба ау— ihe ol costs ^ s а ЧАЎ, С 
in this way. Now itis the fact, ascertained by actual examina- it to uet iege can te ш viz for five men an = d с" eva 
т by — si T (шаап чё е th m Бек pen ios Let s rfe е =. жт Заа farms bre Maire I|is iium in ута нонй — d the Vid 
г of them | have e past 8:0 walking in Oxfords кэч крш iture in " wages ув, barring 
that plants can want in our soils and subsoils. You add 
ammonia in guano and in dung, уоп add phosphoric acid in bone where steam cultivation EE and I shall ta vals, thus comes to 237. 0s, = ове Y 
dint а e uei ыны апа sodai rdinary me Horty n p rud ts of some of t bem g: 
- > es, an salt; but there | the witness box 
Manon e калыс AD p uch langer quantity o Mr. Pullen, of Button. Courtney; ; Messrs. Druce, of of торе, » wear of бойле and apparatus, and fox 
2 some e things, with t which plants cannot т, | 247! еле ай, I bel Dae Кыр f Campfield, | at 700 at 3з. ба. the ап 4 en down 
an any ordinary dressing of the usual manures 8. itus. essrs. сов ylor, of Campfie (а acres al бу even 4з, e e d wages, 
The s тай quantity added produces its effect, whilo the large | near Woodstock ; Mr. Frampton, of Benson, near Wal- and 1з. for rope, and adding 507. a and 
Lope is at nce dissolved in the soil-water, und een пр lingford ; Mr. Majoribanks, of Fawley Court ; and Mr. | sinking fund, and 257. a year for riores ital, 
roots FQ. wide за NEG looked еа А чы E Ch K 2 DEA ta Ph y; Mr. Pu io of n са А өз Mace of T x € m en 
of which the o! wort rsd owler “Г Tm or w. na уе got rid of nine horses, 
E t vi yield to washing a erat МЫ basn washed €— Mè: "Williams, "et North Court, near — by the displacement of 28 oxen, as well as by the 
g, not thereby lost it all. em the ; 
exposed to air with the rain water trickling through | don ; Mr. Dean, of Ewe Farm, near Wallingford ; and | inoreased fertility of Tio land, we can keep во much 
itf ай ; rion and it will yield another lot of жине material his Grace the Duke of Marlbor Howard's | more ВЕ 
Танн айтыр А КЕГЕ ; end К: А have walked over the farms of Mess Mr. Des e has had Smith's та Meer ears, 
this shows that the key to your treasure box netsis in ex- Pullen e, Newton, Е ton, Dodd, M ib Es bat hi Bf + ай, more than 4 it 
posing it throughout its extent to ihe d action of the air and | $ Y ewton, e оп; arjori уй y р Сөп in 
уай: Wo do n у stir it deeply айй доч drin it The Lan ngeton, ; Williams, Dean and the Duke of Marl.|re E His e ар шау duly ue duod аз a 
ај ев e active water to 1ckle rou it 
i T does through the heap- Iving on the rir EU ue d and they have Vedi good enough, many o capital one to 
i 1а 
If you 
d me full epo of their expenditur 
an 
diga a holei in the hardened ground, you will not easily get back 
into it all that you have taken out 
о e bulk of o which you еш 
soil pert irre bur 
plant g put tc t 
sgoil being fitted as to consistence: dyra: and к: th 
habits and constitution of the sen ts in question. Overnearly 
all these AM ces tillage exerts оа influence. ОГ 
course you must choose the right plants to sow and grow in 
“н to fertility. 
posing however that the right plants are the 
foediblr of them and the она M the land as P» е 
sistency, drainage, and even warmtu, are all greatly affected 
by the tillage et the soil Тһе land must с drained, there 
must be either an artificial or a natural drainage, the rain 
water, which ds n food Е e aus be allowed 
[xe i 
Meo A а rules the crop, and if М; 
t is thus that асна d 
ayer—only f Мста 
pon that bat you bavo onh y half the 
dr em to 
r cm a E er surf: 
particles of which th he Soil consists, 
Which i is d doul Med Буе ry halving of the size of these particles, 
and on m а е emm both of the egeo el Rum 2 
the soil o: ich plan n feel and on which air 
B 
H 
я 
zante m разм аб ЫА. and of starvation, ташы: 
Ros r lands, horse Канун very 
the furrow, and Lene Жыш i 
sole plate there. eim d earth 
i is беллей and worried year гіс стах 
drainage, of ing 
opened for the use of the x ia - Tand is 
Drain it and break up this 
peine dm. dn pl; 
an enormous of food 
very e кше am enormous, вар оГ 
t of it, and the һеа; pn. even 
e stubble for Turni 
n. 
a A fior ie Hid at. 5% 5 or 6 inches деер by the plan of to 550 
trampling in tillage Бя 
treasures fairl; 
and ^ 
те, | being em iw 
and | of 550 acres Tw 
f4ln 
"- 
емей. 
Let us take Smith's tackle бге xb; and ws ibo oldest 
A M — in this part of the vem € us 
in the box. 
t Mr. witness Of c е 
Pu vie vi that in this evidence by € 
com words into bis: ові. which) however express 
the sense of what I have learned fro: . He ва 
I dod ht Mr. Smith's ај tus tate in after the 
Chester Meeting of the English A 7 
tember 1858. Th , which then consisted of 700 E 
600 A cepe ai sod ai 5а Kiis ча for its vein E 
ore of working loa: 
few Tew faida ofastiff yenit "Thefappa ы-ы cost 2101. jm т. "^ 
work it cosi асна ена, 1 1501. 
— чар 7 and І have thus 
more than 
the ac 
ear, ins of 
wet and wintry weat! 
700 being arable; the 
cultivator is still kept con: 
use of th 
is 20. 
After 
that was originslly purchased is still in e 
bought last year; the second r “till som xient 
useful, so that the rope lasts rather m сб = YS, 
costing thus 201, to 251. a year, or considerably less than 1з. an 
acre of the work done by it. The other annual out-goings are 
not more than 25l.—5l. for repairs of rope porters, 4l. for new 
shares for cultivator, y? a гт of grubbers, and the 
he. pe of 1862 was 166 acres 
of grubbing Turnip fola, &c., for Banog, and 129 acres of 
The work done in the autumn was 
е "Bean stubble oy Clover lea for Wheat, 
This amounts in all 
t cultivating i es 
five-tined cultiva! "sat the xm of nearer 8 or 10 acres a day. 
Ry "x оп my Dokter soil, of Aak aeh indeed, the greater part of 
consists, p been already repeatedly 
себ by steam po 
Lal EPEE and 6 il cost about 24s. a 
yed 80 days in eoe 
ork was done at 
1s. апа оге (Ela 
tier (one a 
6 ed ue] 
a eiie 
se 
пагу interest on the capit. 
"e it must 
On the other hand, 
ih Agricultural Society in Sep- pu 
With this there have | 9f же? x 
The steam | addi 
Let us turn now to Howard's ка and quote 
some instances of its EVE Mr. Williams, of North 
its it with a 10-horse 
| power engine, and hé ' has vy ea ы a E d of work 
with 16 both on his own i 
ape i m - lets it iut з work elsewhere, 
nabled to part e third of the 
ЕТ 
ur 
hirer su plying coals MUN water. The 470 acres 
р e already enabled him to y DAMEN 
erage day's work of the apparatus is declared to 
acres of — се first 43 — 6 to 8 acres 
n one 
thre 
cadi Tio wages paid are ене "os. а week ж-ы 
man, 78. а week; ploughman, 133. ; and the two ——— 
эш апае ost of wa The two porter boys receive 4s. 6d. а c 
to this, 3d. аг 
and 21d. an hour for the other men engaged. — 
weekly voli; E vM DIS, y 4L и a week л 
he ater. To this add 2l. 5s. a week for coal—! 
gr oso daily, and coal costing 14s. to 15r. a га in rhe field. 
т. Williams! s estimate X tke cost is as follows 
Cod " 
Oil 
Interest.. 
5 
qual to 5s. an acre over heavy work, or 3s. 0d. an acre over 
light work. 
Besides tais add E acre :— 
Ix moval 
culti- the 
