Jury 18, 1863.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 687 
2 nearly 2,245,000 lbs. drawn (= lifted) 1 foot рег |тарій spread and great increase has naturally caused vm 
inute during work hours. pes besides the 90 horses | müçh alarm to the forester. Тһе following dates will Mrbíetus Я 
bon labour contributes to result, Mr. Van деп f show that its spread, though gradual, was sufficiently | |, . 
Bosch tells me that his hired нй Боде amounts to | rapid :—The galls were gathered in Devon in 1853, the | Science and. Practice in Farm Cultivation, By Prof 
about 170 or 180 days q 18 teams, or. 36 horses ; and ара kind i in Somerset i 1854; i James (No. 1. ‚ to Grow 
this із equal to the addition of at least 30, er | west side of the river Severo, Forest of Dean, in 1855,| 7002 Roof Crops) R. Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly, 
annum to the power, and about, 10207. annually to the | in Gloucester, on the east side of the Severn, and as far| We have here the first part of a work, to be issued 
cost of the horse labour of We, farm, If, then, this as Oakley Park, Cirencester, in 1856; in Worcest shir i bers, in which Professor Buckman is to relate 
among 120 horses instead of|in 1857; in North Wales, cw o (point t the results of his studies - em and tha 
90, it w amount to 18, 700 Ibs. 3.4 Вора е deua (= {юе by John Savory, Esq), in 1859; in Sas nature of his teaching during 1 esidence 
lifted ult|very sparingly, in 1860; in Жш Holt Forest, e| | the Royal Agricultural Collége rins The: science 
ы near thos — eached | from abundant, in 1864 ; at Hastings, ditto, in 1862. | practice o of root-cultiv. ation as з taught here are given in 
in the case of English e The who $ work on this | is І have this season observed a lot of t 
i . drawn (— li ile p ls about Cirencester, but A is certain that е crop of root-erops (from natural species) ; on the origin of 
annum, is equal ti 4 s. drawn (= li AU y ^ 52 has been less а! ant than for M n or four | sorts of roots (in yariety M cultivation); on trüeness 
miles in that time, or 91 ewts. drawa (= lifted) 2j | years previously. fir а " was at a loss to account for | of sort in root érops (to be maintained by care in the 
miles per hour eps че оа hours per annum. Now | this, but careful а uon of the state of the ga alis | selection of seedin Beda on degenerate roots (illus- 
n this f: the co \ is 2236]. 2s. 9d. | during last autum showed that in some situations a | trated by examples) ; on the effects of growing seed 
for у мета HE nm for hired labour, in | rough aperture lad been made in the majority of these | from degenerate roots; on the adulteration of seeds, 
about 3260/., or 3 b of escences, ап iom ма e fat maggot or gater- | more Кы. ips, and оп the injur: 
rse labo i | thus comes to about 4d. per Now, having foun | eaused by insects. «е рр spa Өл оне? o 
cwt, drawn (= lifted) 24 miles in an hi ) „ of course 1 ous to learn who was t| [un те | clusions arrived at 
p^ come operator, ag g^ happy t s белин, — 
t | fello low to whom the Ens is во much in 1 
the Eai Tomtit or Blu uecap ич тшшде, | diet attention to the following practical сопс ete 
ewitson says:—* ові ће which our whole argument upon the STA "et 
КУ edt олаи, and a price веб tei s gui t eM wing ace — 
head, he is of a race e i faicinii dui to. zid “Fi rah AMET roots are improved wild ones, only 
Nu аан из of coun: каа А. obtained by gardening on the sm mall, or 
P orre Ipon m dansa, б 1 return for all the periecution t tha h as met with? "di. ing o n the large scale; this gardening o 
р T t 7 еа ean, H -— d aJor- "e fai Dear little birdie, like me you have us impelled to ; fi ied y гый operations d 
ко, У: Р, х реб "d ins E tbe ig tom ngeon АА а study insects in aid of your daily necessities, and as |. ertain seasons 'which we have comprehended 
werk an y мат own ga PN : n this gall is new to our country, it is not be wonder er the term of cultivation proce 
? cile D give eur ints w жар mg t f at that you did not at first understand it; but now |“ Second.—The di in sort of roots is caused 
pitch а pn to! She ET хара m that you do so, if wicked people will let you alone, either by үзе г ing ав tH m 
with eh y b Los din d J member f You- may solve the enigma wh тун h or desigh, or of the education of some particular 
with the following Д ereasing di -o destroy th propensity which has been acted upon by the 
ай Мален ж va e ida. м Ves ш ооло pin in f galls—and may you, > myself, meet with kind intelligent всойготут. Ө 
farming T : 5 n c 
has occurred lately, at mpat interesting to f strong clay treatment for our lied science, James Buckman, | « Third. че maintenance of sorts їп purity depends 
is the Success steam cultivation. It is the | Cirencester. " de fi) Sek ^ot the ri right variety for 
strong clay lands аё especially. re help, 2nd that help is : the seed mpl 
"Roy: Wottha ҮС оъ ЛЛ улуу f“ “Fourth rth. The preservation ofa good outline or or apapo 
Sei ы o XY Xd Societies ofroot can only be maintained by selecting £ 
Ше land, an lupe 1 ‚авто Е І f good form — 
"s боша e ешр Ма Lis Ве АЯ ake В ROYAL TURAL OF ENGLAND. | seed, ied o алон, обн d-toe " 
k, the & eda рате Бю Ж, rcome, one b; Ez Я жэ ап adjo n 224 kin TUM in f н 18 аера of wild gro wth, E n 
now it may that а 10-horse steam nging pla the wi E t ight n, Viscount cultiva! plants assuming this form are 
А sla em "b f works t cultivation” both, Pe Eversley, cap. om n the chair, the following new — vi Eo cete and geed from such "A 
foi tching wi at interest the f| members were pr formed and poor crop. 
steam cultivation, but ny, qe Е РИТ a. ШАҺ, The Зволе of getting good seed—whether 
, a Anderson, — Bent House, South Shields 
warrant a large outlay on steam machinery. It h: ned this| "Angus, George, The Grange, Wallsend t, from ! тенеу aped bulbs, 
pov that a fine m of between 600 and 700 acres of clay | Arkle, Thomas, Shaftoe, Newcastle-upo n „Tyn or Ко e6 um m ш Шоп eit of old with new 
and came into my hands in a very bad state from a slovenly Baker, E Eliza Maria, Thornirove, Worces! d t f Cha sio € nd othérs of di 
tenant. It seemed to me the time was come to call in the aid | Baker Henry Orde Lloyd, Hardwicke Ан, t, Gloucester seed, ога mix ure o o e 
o£ e ЖШ at cde Lie des o M i Barneby, William, Clater Park, Bromyard me family—are very Wh о, поет, 
that seemed to me the most simple; I adopted К, London Road, Worcester E n рем н ч 
т. Smith, of Woolston. During the dry weather of d month| Brisco, Sir Robert, Bart., Crofton Hall. Wigton enper, ta bpr Ө moronss 
of May, when the land baked as hard as brick, and wh Brown, Thomas, Tow. ind, Horton, а аы uality but the quant i 
no iniplement, mo y horses could make any impression, | Cartwright, Geo. K King sford, 14, Upper Mor Street West, е во considerably d depends upon the truth 
my io orse po' Б 8 е be, а LM work, — ng an Connaught pe bod 
reaking u ind in a manner whi was quite surprising. 
The farmers of the neighbourhood look on, and there peera hilip Charles, Longparish, Whiohureh, * Sixth.— a ана "gom, Hed attacks, Pi gras 
was not a dissentient voice ; e one said—' This is what we| Clarke, Jno, William, Cambo, Newcastle-upon-Tyne as affecting the yield, are yet поб due to the 
want ; this is the way to fallow clay 1 have been áble in Clay, Charles, ined reb, Salb MN An and anbury, if it be due to insects, о ly 
he last two months to go over all the fallow land of the farm, s, Jn hamp! ton Ноше, Stourport mu in t iD-orOps. апа Shen Í in к= 
d to put it in excellent condition for future cultivation e овер ава, 1еу, гна p. iq ^ 
Te will ask i - t of the mac! „andat what| Cooper, Benjamin, Pattingham, didis The tru tacks to 
r acre can ork be done. I answer both questions. | Coulson, John, Killingworth, Neweastle-upon-Tyne =] асу: aria action. 
The first cost of nay i s 5001. (ten-horse steam-engine by | Croome, J. Capel, Cerney House, Cirencester * In fine. drofa a Лане sort,—care i in growth, 
Clayton and n worth, 3001. ; two cultivators and wire|  Drimkwater, Fred., Madley, Hereford TIT , stehfuing Walt incl d the 
rope, 2001. ). нәм the reota nd is "тегу hard the cost the first|  Dudfeld, Benjamin, Spetchley, Worcester = қа of е 5 
time e / . per the second time over, where а Edwards, Jno. Jas., Broad Heath. presen ScrENCE чы лотов. of Root Culti vati ion. 
"be worked, 1 3s. per aere. Тһе exact| Fletcher, John, Sandway Lodge, Northwi We presume that in an e E r 
outlay) :— Engin: 9d. 1 bx f indi. i m ite Poster, Hom G., Gioucestet Buckman will still have to speak of оа and 
plonghman, 2s. 4d,; twO а A is. з, 9з. eid ова AN N pon-Tyne practice of root cultivation ; fcr it is plain that good 
watercart, man ani Boe, malt of time, A аеннан т Ш они d. Seed, care in growth, and a watchfulness of ene 
1 " es т о MM je Pr LAT (^ NUN include only part of this large subject. The details of 
horsés tkat m ыры said they would gladly pay 17. or Ban. mmm k хое A aeta Кш ld management, in order to th — crop, 
even Il. acre to have their Тапа во broken up. Itis Hatherton, Lor IY 74 Е are necessary, along with the саге which 1s here 
well worth the consideration of farmers how the tlay| Haywood, Edw. insisted on in the i selection of seed. Our readers will 
С * нч whether c ры piu м : her| Hemming, Geo: | + hioh im h 
or ег arrangement w persons who would make ter-le- h: 
it their busin et the machinery out to hire and to do XE Е T. collected as having been originally communicated t9 
the work at so much per acre. Fermers ‹ on тор clays should | Holl, William, Link Tower Lodge, alve oùt columns, 
be looking Out to get the aid of stea n their lands ; and Holland, Francis D., Cropt! Persho з 
steam which has done such wonders in зА fidtorjes— anid Humphries, John, Раб. , a 
has brought Edinburgh within of Londen, and| Jobson, William, Buteland, exhum. 
remet da x ad of Mich impor-| Johnson, John. South Piokenbem, б ni d Е à eous. 
о soil —Believe E ДОШ Charles Stewart, Divan Court, Eastling, Faversham | 
Marshall pets West "Hartford, irt, Вы | Re creation of the Labourers.—The eal acr 
Small Birds and the Oak Gal Ies MeLaren, William, North Gosforth, Neweastle-upon-Tyne | which besets the “ recreation C amines is s (he employ- 
Ad rd is men spare of the labourers after their 
Moseley, Henry, Westhide Court Farm, Herefor 
Shifnal 
r Bu man 
lately | Iblished the following interesting « communica- Sutton Maddock, 
ion ор the Wilts Standard :—" The manly defence Pact Edward Henry, Pershore " wor 
ou birds ay dex. Hee Ecran i i Thos., Warridge Lodgo, Ө rafton Manor, Bromsgrove | al 
ces me {0 point out an instance of a| Farnell, John, Rugby, “allotment 
n inan averior 
Тең речи eris ch ту бале promi Ык Быр Мане уада ине fuer 
f 1 OWE Aveni ouse, Worce 
— has not hith been ШАР” | Мапу of Nd |. Prosser, John, а ud у, Hereford 
т will know that within the last few years a new | na с › rae ао Hill, Surrey 
kind rof an has made its appearance upon our Robinson, Rowland, Fenny Drayton, Nunenton 
ees, i thickly as to have changed most| Stephens, 8. H., Offoxey, Tong, Shiffnal - 
of the leaves E: е young trees into excrescences Webb W A tag sw St. Austle 
having much the appearance, and possessing many of West, "Thon as Иче d 
the properties, i ч; the Nut.gall of commerce, which| Wigham, George, Laverick Hall, Leatan, Dalivel | 
d for the making of ink and dyes. Wilkins, Walter, сори 2: z | 
чш КК ау оше у e| cia, Hd High Botas BR 
laying an а ча yomg” Xr эңе leaf is pK The Council then adjourned. mit; 7: cannot We bave ш adoption у 
converted i Pc мога of whic ‚Ж metimes with eff e have ovon seen e 
changes ï АЗА : July 1 rn from the — imes, icula cil astelandthat 
al ural | best effects agresan unn carried out 
| XA p: t ш fg pte lite ao: T um the E res. А a Е аг 
1 x е D ih sli © tho Aeg p ie duy with eed. reri | онор ng to ад Son Ts the crop was ie d u 
E ai A A hene XS uds я орт Вар [а men were proud of their produce, and reckoned 
' репу т ot arrived on 
