778 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETI, 
[AveusT 15, 1863, 
2731. 2s. 6d., or Тг. 1d. per aere, Оп the whole 1524 
hish th 
ing to these 
bibite 
acres were grubbed—588 acres once, 578 а 
time, 262 a third time, and 96 a fourth time, for 
562 r2 ode or d 434. рег aere 
noe deseribes the results in thi 
the fertility $ [the far m, and it is here that his 
testimony is of rare value. 16 is not uncom 
to keep an 
itis very uncommon indee 
r 
tra produce of 1862 gre atly 
exceed, es ME. 
venio t 
er (ooa power ve pe ne scent to do 
what Ме де бт авы di. оце e is во io much 4- | 
horse w nha jon 
In 1861 the harvest was е ifta ter | whether 
i ie over i animal me vegetable 
re, new те 
17 
f| dry е аста the. finer plants die ‹ out, « 
| Grasses usurp ground, and the 
8 — for И Я 
р Том їп ыш almost, as it AE 
e. I don 
armer is thus agree 
bat 
ative power, yet it 
allied” to creation, and 
d 
- of Species; As 
ntific naturalist, with a itu 
Ihave ever 
book you will man, 
| highest sense of 
8 is pro 
we|life is to give ihe үрө to those Grasses that 
‚ | have the bighest and moss nutr iti ious qualities, and that 
f the andmen may 
for ye ears paiar valuable pasturages, 
Agriculture jg 
| there 
fore not merely an industry or an art, but, in the 
the word, a science—and as а science 
omoted and cultivated just as other 
t o be 
Sciences were. 
CES ЫС "OF )F THE CLIMATES С OF ENGLAND 
D SCOTLAND WITH RESPECT TO THE 
CR bs 
1. Whe 
t and Barley.—As Wheat and Barley 
e | for their. оова cultivation a EAD АЫ 
follow 
—Ó sre еы it as his opinion 
mal s which e been creat ted in the world have, 
м! 
AUS from 
that ese conditions are 
qutenalve ст which stretch 
па: A 1 dy 
h t fulfilled in 
those 
away to the ай from the mountain ranges 
this scene s means of those principles of natural 
selection and ot intercrossing and breeding by 
eculiar 
higher 
and south thr ei the island. M 
IL ther 
And this numher iride y 138, Hu Ne of D? 
| cow p we go into опе of t the mei it seems as : 
Wes 
umber d dail 
od cattle, and with some of those 
Highland with the Shorthorned and with the e ро! olled 
> strange valaia, that 
the best Wheat | от - districts are in the centre and 
t of the cou Eastern Р] 
Central Plain, 
screened by 
РЕ 
жы, 
J 
£p 
ed, |. 
$ one 
the T year— HM 
s. Td. ‚рег aer 
first year o cultivated crops on Eas 
Brownlow Farm 
ОРДОН SUMMARY. 
Gain by increased produce the first year steam 
eel horse vi shared r 
Balance of expense the first year in favour of steam 
over Borse cultivation козуу 2891. ve 8d., = 
latter 5864. 2з. 6d.) 
. £776 211 
297 12 3 
First year's advantage by 
he adoption of steam £1073 
instead ot horse cultivation > 
2| wit 
coh improving the fee simple : value аб а farm 
1500. | fine 
t 
pos ма a greater cost by horse нб 
two extracts from Мг, HurcuiNsoN's 
found 
1st. As to to the Tenant.— 
only sure and 
supplies 
to drain the lan 
“t Depend upon 
prac way to meet ain 
of ian согп and low prices, езресіа ` 
effectually, to 
The following y is the. grand result on the i "T 
f steam fut 
such өч been the power of man in а perde 
animals, as adapted to certain climates and а 
s are | the 
d he sh 
places in the west of S 
rs whi we 
Saw 
bull, which Professor Owen told me was one of t 
finest specimens he had ever seen. 16 was the head РА 
one of the original cattle of the country ; and there is 
in Lond 1 ог h we may вее іп | ехіепб of hilly ground to their south-west, а 
e shows, have been deri t t their southern exposure, the best Wheat districts in 
wild varieties of cattle к many years| England are the Vale e Severn and the Plain of 
ago, | in the c country with which I am connected, there E and in Scotland the Merse in Berwickshire. 16 
n dry seasons the crops 
the d a weight which are rarely 
| reached сене 
Вапеу requires а climate very similar to Wheat, 
be carried to 
h man. It certainly must have „been a very large 
udges on n bei eing jat into a : stall 
higher elevations and into lighter soils. 
account, much of the land in 
for the growth of this grain. 
Inv vestigations into the e subjeet of em become of 
be an анор cu tomer, coarser in point of 
e | bone, and coarser in point of beef, than our present 
sidered that the summer tempera 
south. E England is, on the pedi only LE higher 
? | breed ; H and that the 
milk. But by crossing and breeding we have now 
est; ablished sui ch varieties that, both for е == 
япа ry produce, we have what is virtually а 
soils, 
P steam С оп, to grow 
he eep and oattle, and to convert 
hem.” 
к Thisbrings us pu 
find the p 
le Londocmer 
to the i de n of 186 now. 
prietor, Pap in the si o f 1861, 
ecies. "во much is this am case, that I have bon 
| very much г. very sq ipa 
that which Th з written m. on 
fect maturing of the Wheat and Barl ey y crops; while 
gung, „Scot land is only ‚2° РЕ -- eritical 
and the li limiy 
pr 'ouitivation i is reached, 
of su cold s summers as 1864 оп v^ Wheat crops € и 
Bri 
С 
PA ien n: farmers of this triet Mr. Wilso: 
ngton M whic h for 
of so má cases has been the result. As the summer w 
expression, 1k 
а responsible tenant for fo land, with bel of 
can — ates for the oceupation of this once despis i 
farm. It was then al 
reete was а pie model of a scientific. treatise, 1 
чн ТЕ struck at finding the 1 
E 
-— but is, in many cases as hig A 
1 farmer so close! Ху" agreeing with. Mr. Darwin that, 
f feet lower dow. 
it 
8e, ii t Aca ition e 
we have ever known ам "the urse of со 
siderable experi 
n by маган А ees 
ith a more pre 
team 
^B 
Р. 
culti- 
introduced into. this 
Чет had i Leicestere—he 
ctuall 
was former ly 
the best t quality of Whe at has 
5 
of a single pair. Нева 
0! 
since this breed was мы T the genius ^e per 
severance of Mr. Bakewell.” We do not know, dere 
fore, to what extent improvements may go, or what 
750 feet above the sea, Itis pens that Wheat. т 
Wheat cultivation 
ursui to 
soia 99 additional E 
But 
лаві аа іп „тоер ү: 
о be well с 
An 
that such an d йе 
cultural Socie 
for "the Euglish Tyi: 
gether passe 
Altho: 
e should have been alto- | 
of present and future Bakewells. 
— kingdom. 
ties of corn sown 
And soin reg ard to the 
i would not refer to thess varies 
y the „practical farmers of the 
England, for M has 
guishing feature be 
countries, that in cold, ‚ Wet, and cloudy в 
ugh we have extracted largely from its 
wil find m vox а and useful 
чыгам 
matter їп it, not referred {о itt 
—though the of them were, in their origin, 
will be widely distributed ind ek - 
ULL pa traat LA ык сым, 
ы 
mate have f a f th dd 
you have formed of the роЫе ind 
which y sterili their labours. "t ja ealla it 
no 
1 speak, b 
Systematic ема 
M мса agriculturist, or Ps noi a| 
аайын, о pos point of іші 
yl Камы of 
bat 
adva 
to smother 
ld | pasture o 
eitis rrr ; so much so, that it was 3 very d drale 
to discover кре difference нна tween the W. 
of tho more мае pm se Englaud. Conse- 
the greater 
at the t the Pharaohs а Wheat grown at 
the prese bi. But going € the lowest stage of = 
vegetable kingdom -nunely, the car ex m of Grasse 
—1 may say w poro t truth that this is a branch of 
agriculture Aetas iiti 
is in 
the scientific ences Tt is I believe, | 
а theory which he 
satisfactorily established ihat the 
plants depends on what he called the 
tle = Si or in other words that every plant is 
endeavou tl ti 
T 
s he has 
lowering of the temperature, that the dam: age sustained 
in the higher districts of England is ау and the 
| loss more dei арі in Scotland. Thus, 
Seottish farmer low er summer te 
contend with, the deni ith which he coni 
А less capricious and more to be relied on. 
adva antage в уеп ёо апу 
2 it to overcome its n 
to overspread the 
one “pla ant in this struggle 
nei hbour, and, so to speak, 
to him, an 
cumstances w e him 
antage in de sirugzie for Ms and thus, as it. were, | 
r Grasses du er 
ly a Scottish rain. 
3. Green Crops.—The Scottish climate is, on the 
whole, better suited for ae arina of the 
than England. As this 
arlier 
gust three 
frequently than in England, it к obvious 
vemm of the Scottish clima к ыт 
ar hand, sinoe apes 
On the winter ok 
in Sco eem the autumn "growth of 
1 
t and analo TE RET 
h ofw == 
| England see зеб toa m sowing of this root a8 
Quarterly 
with the de- | cul 
interest attach- 
ce а һу Мт. Wilson. bad in | speaking 
pasture lands, says beris if the. pins 
КЕ“ herbage gets 
neglected till the 
more ара to the climate. 
| the Meteorological Society. 
Report of- 
