Avevsr22, 1863] - — THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 805 
of time, S1! b bl } posite t tl What would they say to 1667. 18s. 47. per caleulation of the liquid and solid vo 
I then became known i acre ! London а а of which would Бе out, of | Klaps here) we 
that veteran ienis л ES Sinclair, whos We all gradually coming to believe in Liebig': ved Ss i 7) to a opo M EN 10 e of phosphorie 
zeal in n agricultu re led him end his entire life in | great А that in order to build up a perfect plant ers daily. These 49 tons of rcd дад ra ае, е 
btaini dif tt ous must have all the necessary ments | tons of guano, the 10 phosphoric acid in 83.3 tons 
publications. Those нтр bave been ve ry m uch |in due proportion and in а fit condition. No one енн ЖЗ, gee enr remain in which the phosphoric acid is 
set aside, and become четтен te, by the progress of im- | certainly would doubt this, if applied to а house—for, | оа dale паб із me thing, if to the sew 
, e, " ; : : n 100 tons of su osphate of 
pro ovemen nt, and by th d numbers of works since| wanting either lime or water, useless would be the ori 
n 
However, there is | bricks, timber, slates, and other materials. J, J. 
one work of lis е" = Sato History ofi Scotland,” Mechi, Tiptree Hall, Kelvedon, Essex, Ang. 15. 
ble that 
irm, ch hi e gud b ds acm сае Ф Urna F SEW. m pire the os did 90,155 tons guano, at 131, 12s. 6d. = 
coun en he was enga ged on his last and largest ъе tation at present going on те ањ the application | 41 57 псе he price of 86,500 tons of superphosphate, 
work, "his « * Qode of Agriculture," "HN is а compen- n o € purpies um anb айт induces sis ^ ofr & Lx etit ача. па ат 1, е Зе eb 
- dium оа many of the others, he did the honour to un w remarks which i eraa assist to throw some light on | of the tin еа ua, н POLICIES г заети dE: 
са] ш aid, and to refer € "Бе the various Mt questions belonging to this most important | the farmer obta ith the most difficulty ; it » Ша, element, 
to his o ari 
u . 
sheets S tih that work consists of, for remark апі | 1 seems to me that, on the whole, people have not a 
, ole, av d ia being th f 
criticism, I only advert to this, gentlemen, to show | correct idea of the matter. Inthe last twenty years а new effi И. ue ng the same) 
A of guano about 14 to con- 
aind 2 g have been called in former life to study | branch of industry, wbich did not before exist, has developed ; but day 7} mo 1 ed DOR PRIME 
th ll as itself on a large scale, and in like the i rtation of | which gives a sui 1 f 6 to nding to 11 tons of 
in theory as we in practice. а ао an the sale of various manures have increased to such | sy} dto goles" pu al Ahar урун h at 181. 
ie са Ma that i had the Ке to b lted ous extent. Тһе manufacturers of and dealers in inb ^s s ids giving уйу Add i dis to rer e ae 
by, and to have much intercourse with, those pee 77 aro, pn рпеш iniga} te tbe lation of eer d above given, and dA have, as real annual money value of the 
e e wbic ing fo ey constitute the 
men who are no 433 ан taken fro ar us ord inimica. AUR whose forces shoul [- no Iheine underrated. E erage, 1.109,0061. 
The т won from 
ponds to the poses de contained in 806 “tons, 
e 
y соттев- 
еу, їп originetng The contest which this question has renewed ів an old on prier бил, 
Without the addition of the superphosphate, the value of the 
Althorpe, Mr. Pus and Mr. e— 
the Royal Agricultural „= of England. 8 them | the contest, namely, between commercial and industrial and 
I had a bulk e ondence, whic М 'ese to this | {бе agricultural interest. "rhe manufacturers of artificial sewerage of London would only be 304,045]. In the calculation 
day. . pow d de ety w: ав origi na E , I was invited manures fancy their business would stop if it should once | of tne valne of sewer water, [A is one factor doubtful—viz. 
fi bappen that the towns supplied the farmer with the necessary | the absolute amount. of phosporie acid, ammonia, and potash 
rom yea act as one of their Judges and to eh If we examine the matter thoroughly we shall find | which a ton of said water contains. It might, probably, be 
contzibnte ud вер publications and amo t other | раё the anxiety of the manufacturers and dealers in manure | found that some sewer water was richer, another more diluted 
s first | і8 like the panic of the carriers on the eve of the introduction | ог porrer in these component parts, but in the relative propor- 
tt fro CN 2 ofthe railroads. They also feared that the rail would put an | tion І до тор think that апу very great diference would be 
туле; е het That was | end to their business, Yet we know that, owing to the greater | found. Sewer water will, in the average, contain more potash 
i by: niyii, чту A sa report of the seiere of | traffic, the number of horses in use has since then еуен than I have гай for, ina«much as the fluid voidings of 
Жаныс те rland. It w at the instigation of increased. The sewage question is most intimately connected horses are to be added, which increase the amount of potash, 
or d E witb the manufacturers of manure; so much so Indeed | that í We m may assume that one-third of the population of Great 
ре, ар was pibe: "to him y the very | the latter may derive from it the greatest profit. It may even | Britain, or ten millions of men, live on corn and agricultural 
superior style of farming which he witnessed at the | be said tbat it is in reality the manufacture of artificial manure | produce imported from abroad. Forthis а pretty considerable 
e Tweed when at two no i which gives to deos M gon E M - apama ae for gea of ne at ронида еш must ре paid, Me 
1 i Чан , another number whic! earn 
pun A did me the honour to visit ше at my | vor b rolex ain нт А T derit fi and i Ар АЗЕ Burobuts af Җен 
ormer abode. That report of the agriculture of| 16 is well known that the manufacture of artificial manure duce the food of the remaining 20,000,000 of in nts. 
Northumberland took so well when published in | is based on the doctrine that the наве of ып cultivated | Many ial nbi ig to statistics, which appear to 
the Journal Agriculture, that the committee | Pants consists of inorganic or min тро» show that much of the К yields T re more than it did 
f j al offered г i d h consisting of n ces can produ the agri- | in the last century, and this is not, they ва, —— 
К um, anc һауе | culturist only. er produces farmyard manure; {ће | of Fur c but they forget at what costa th crops 
" tbat received repo: the erent na ep Ду тов ег — eee See Moa re obtained and that the; 1 no» toan DM i 
counties in E 1 wi e furn: са ase of fore manure, 
z bi Бек. е €—— uir in stsble prre эл st important fabrication is is oran the p soil, if, in order to get high returns, we 
b t фирор of lime. Тһе question of immediate | have to add large quantities of manure from w %; 
ту анан that І kn to|i ce to be decided is the value to the farmer of the | or fertile soil does not requi ch an ай 
та, 
griou i DOR cud uidi 
n rists i lo: Апа | sew The employment of sewerage in agriculture could mak 
1'doubt not that it vd z^ ition that I was in- hs matter possible s belog large tracts of land ies MI QUE which 
debted f E T GE, p it 
H 'armer, and of whose value he is able to judge. The herto, owi th ве of tillage 1 
or the notice of the late Ear! шо саПеа problem m to be solved is, therefore, how much of the efficient | gnd erc eh PONENS, wii aei improved as to 
lih г ше pe n—as,a suitable end | elements of queo a fi " eU to н ge " a s - the crops remunerative, and go „1100 тад UM has 
i i 1 sewage; ог how many gallons of sewage water аге equivalen Th. t capital whic ver! 
th à di сиру the situation of Receiver ТӨРА Ort, of Тао Rega the component parts lo Бу to рау für o orm am А anure might be kept at home 
e Greenw. с ospital Estates, at ime when i best sorts of guano, y = - n supe — those | and em loye pos hould he present e of 
considered ht that a change should take place in nne to sewer wa е les: ; but ng ago | trade and Ат paar materia! ily change, spet part of this 
their mana And there is no sentiment which | bave о fully informed ofits average дей A bae ar, nt КЕТ w vould be devoted w agriculture, and the natural conse- 
is to me tifvi h h hich h the mouth of each sewer in meds , five gallons ^ar water had ould be that th asing OD. would find 
re ргашушр than that which y ave | been collected m ет s and e Ps к every day during the ample: occupation in husbandry. iro Britain islarge enough, 
called upon me this дау to receive—your approbation | week, and at the end of the eer day one „gallon of the | if w the arable surface of the land, to produce all the 
апа your expression о f the belief that the result of се ected 70 gallons d prie chemia оа. Ду ouid MES куе monta Ташада. for ite ihan itt It is neither 
i h necessary, urse, etermine as nearly as possible fantastic iculous to ve tha 
a фо пнпеп quen tity ot water discharged at each sewer. umen iii more | foreign manure, and by a judicious utilization of lenit 
o apiid E e v Ытын cob | SIN E un V reliable chemist made 4t tho req sewer ЖАЙТ, | towns and villages, England would be able to dispense with 
рта ур to me the thought that I have which this most e m of the | the importation ot food from abroad. For her ít wo! 
і General Board of Health blessing if the application of capital to agriculture were found 
don e e не о do credit to the recommenda- I reckon that Peru ru gua no contains 14 per cent. of nitrogen sufficiently profitable to awaken speculation in this directiop, 
ot that high- деа ойни, whom гаг his i 7 ка ia) 12 per cent borphorie acid, and 6-10ths per fo 6 the industrial population, manufacturers, and trade- 
1 f potash. Professor Way analysed the water o two | men, might devote themselves to the production of bread and 
ciple and honour of heart I shall n re. ie one in Dorset-square, е за other i n Barrett -| meat. These men are quite of another stamp and - e 
Gentlemen, how to thank you for qeu perde oma ОЛУРА а cn in Rr muiltiplieation tabio, Toser а i rr petition „тін such 
kindness bestowed upon me by this large assembly, Barrett’s-court ыраш, pd totis wodtib-fnsdnt im uie ta теле re in their 
Ammonia ........ 41.18 рта, ........ 17.96 grs. E i IDE about piris be 
‚Таш perfectly at Phosphoric Acid.. 10.44 E COLIT oid jog:tr i iig "ho chan E Justus von. Liebig, resident of 
8 loss to ed assure you u ti hat I most Ini ERR 5 Р at as а rs ud on. us von "e. ces 
I can only P 3,82 
2 . адет: Science, and. Conservato 
to this. yia Ps of your approbati On, | The difference in d contents of the two sewers is very great, the Royat deadeny of ет „2, d 
kindness to the latest day of my life. Gentlemen, phospho According and | een. times of Dr. Hoffman, Franck. 
Wishing you al 
1 Њаё is good fn you, and most earnestly | land, and others, 1 am of daro — ers take ї contents а SALT FOOD. 
average sí 
pene meis, поз Es nij Jokvo, оГ tha Dore eduare sewe the eni fures it results that 101| THE use. of salt i in the toà »^ -— must ie looked 
tons (20,200 gallons) of this sewer water contains the ens much а 
se а ома acid, mo! -— bash, ie] p^ ecetoor | doi sary element of - eco y am rot т whioh animals 
are apt to perish from disease, 
: AGE MANURE. 57 нА Шү, there is a great difference к bod body loy tin a normal and healthy state. Not many 
You will do goo i service S n toe те каше by 509-9, of phosphoric acid to E in guano and s D German agriculturist, Uberacker, brought 
inserting the follo pen ve r from | water. In guano 2 корен en сна - у йр асб й experiment wbich "i ju ditéct od dateé 
aron Liebig. 16 settl - domita de. eO. e dte dom mt] phosphorie acid to 26 p -| with this opinion. Wishing to obtain some — 
hitherto much dis puted, of the value of а ton of tow n | The reason of this disproportion in the ount notion | of the influ ence which salt exercised upon is 
sewage, taken at its mid hosphoric ме апа E - D pater im а а pena damp pasture 
al mes P, 
How much is to be deducted from that value for slaughtered, рта e do not fnd t Mi way into the sewers. | Jand, and received habitually a certain dose of salt, he 
ME to mei fields is another part z the question ; | These bones S PL manuring ne Ea rp fixed upon 10 sheep and struck off in sual enin 
E OLD : ri e 
"ы " f Mosen ies Жою Еа ыш to нс, ну ра i compo the "fields if it be | of salt, "This remarkable а тнр сят etes ТА ич frst 
* ertbinps per ота gto ele evation, would | tended that the soil shall retain its fertility. Potash and | three years, with "the following r ie 
be an ample deductio: gisla- | ammonia are, according to their prices, far de costly | year five of the 10 died of т ic Mes isis in this year 
ture or Government py never. xoi committee or a manures than phosphates, and in many cases quite ав іу. remainder of the flo 9н E: head, lost only four 
com: Y data on this mecessary for the field as this latter сап be. Potash and | the à lot of 10 sheep, deprived 
At C € point. mmonia are wholly ineffici and useless without the|sheep. Тһе second year a new ur 
1 Croydon the сон is not more than one farthing |> phosphori aci NC the addi! salt, lost seven i 
; there ample scope profit h у become efficien! mann. x 
the ratepa ав at Baron Liebig’ of manure js not able to supply potash and ammonia reed eh 
estimate ‹ sufficient quantity, а: available pm rainy 
bones make up very 
"Hitherto n early all our attempts at sewage irrigation 5-0 = етеу A pte Ше. from natural sore salt. The 
by means of steam power, pipes, hose, and jet, have |. It will, I , be now perceptible what — the | year of rot 
been im imperfect, from a ant of sound e: eering is between the орыс ry ven ees es (Us te ser water | above that in nd 
Ш; cost] mistake | the. тые ы is wanting im it the efficiency of the | annihilated | Age Зу теме 
ofan ich in the diameter of our supply зра may | water ll be mcreased. Thus, 101 tons of sewer water {0 example of the 
"inerease our expense of deliva 100 per с асе o ad Cropecpbospheike big Кеира uivalent | ,: v ndes. 5 ber of the Agricultural Society of 
апо, Garriot, mem ricul 
/." When once we 28 to the did iat a ton of | water wil be е 305 1b." of guano, at n I nam. ti - assures us that the milk of cows EE toa 
x sewage, delivered on the land, we sball not | 498 pence; from this subtract the gives tbe value of ad allowance of salt is richer in butter 
long differ as to the propriety or profit of applying a | 101 mene socer ид 22 E. pence, or 4d. o Pe А и T when ва! i st di ва E 
given quanti т acre. Those who now advocate | must not be forgotten that sewerage without i om agriculture 
E Т uc per annum will be brought, by phosphate is of much less s таш, Dep Por in ; emend ч "observed that th o babita ай 
the questions of cost and value, to much son. | ive tbe soil, in sewerage, as much phosphoric, очтол fluence in im oris the quantity and 
ч He 9x 006 value, to much more reason- | 505 |р, guano, he еШ Без у 305 tons of sewer maner has а шаг arked i influen P T Wn accordance 
conclusions. 10,000 tons per acre, at Baron | (instead of 101 tons), н. would give е ia which is | quality of the wool of sheep. This т, Sud 
З в estimate of 4d, per ton, would amount od eee ues to зарн E the proportion of nd with Sa ушн» with Boussingault's experiments on bullocks. A cw 
1661. 135. 4d.! Many farmers would be astonished at | Poen ug a — : to br REED Е noxious for: crops; goes still further as concerns pigs; some of the fat 
ever proposing to expend 5l. per de manure ' fut this does n nr LETT 
