Мала ы ае EM ые... ж 
Avavsr 29, 1863.] 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
the one side, the natural M dn ar the climate, | soil, and that upon Ais depends the quat of store 
and on the other side the character and vital power of | room which the soil possesses withiu а given bulk, as 
a your going. How near to this den as the quantity of pasture ground, as t were, on | “We don't plough dee 
2. 1 
ле 
whig h the so-called sb e seiehees take по | which chemists have shown to us that the p 
ou. OW CO! 
827 
nd which, on | is due, depends the. quantity of inner surface of the] Bean stubble, and you wi 
tion of the land for Whes 
t; 
ontain, In conclusion, I referred to tlie praetieal|aecess to its contents, as 
Br 
us in the next у it depends on the skill ап | methods by which these substances are supplied to а over-ridden by the need on beh: 
d bed. 
ge w ith 
succession year after 
to them d 
yee and cultiv: 
soil to soil, and by which їп all ite characte ers as Pami yodin, a firm unbroken see 
8 et Р 
ll be told about the prepara 
at sowing. Almost the first 
thing Ihave no f pihat Jon will hear. will be— 
ximum you сап ably get, depends in the first | which the plants сап feed VIRIS that bulk, As | ог iy di й М 
place on the cheapness of manures, and the cheapn to the composition of the soil, or rather of its contents, | is to bury the surface aU A: d retain. 2 "06 
and efficiency of labour, on the state of the preduce | store away upon a еб 1 Же surfaces, ] | unbroken а soil and subsoil as possible. "rino. 
markets, and other things of a ely practical kind, |reterred very shortly to those ingredients of t il ere then is 
another саве in which the е general truth 
the w rop. In order to this Itivat and vehicle, esides the general consideration, then, of the 
and ul it e Mer you manure it so as to get just RO as a storehouse it is imperfectly supplied, we ean | causes of fertility in soils, to which I referred, and 
that ҮШ; that texture, stiffness, richness of the direetly from the dung heap, the | which, subject by subject, I shall in the course of my 
whi ch s t the plan and which А ean me. to the best manure factory, уа ШР guano ship, or indirectly by | remaining lectures diseuss, there are t special соп» 
i оой-— | sid 
р е 
fi "s th. n purchased or imported food— | side.ations regarding every plant by whieb you ho to 
e plants "1. uch t such | if the supplies : are ынта А. within the soil, and as | give expression to "hat = Which you a p 
tlie seed о u 
айаш рег уч, i ү а depth, in 2 e 'order of a vehicle it is sluggish or stagnat а, we must by to earn, and of which pne ill be told both in ү 
ate and ate: ега, 
ы 
Hill, and look down 
on the vale 
wing thei en, ра ng ezt all à substan nce, and by deeper and more e thorough tillage | 
these cases such rules perience has shown to be 6 lighten its жү and ореп those passages 
advisable. Here, on the vibe - ven us dat the еу ы ita r rticles, by which bor adiu may enter UTILISATION OF SEWAGE. 
sciences «ыр of botany and chemist: uch | and - р which. wat er, the great — мә anma IsEE that in your impression of Au ug. 2 u give 
useful 1 ight жо ots, itg y nei | Bar aron Liebig’s recent letter on the agric ы value 
There в, howev ver, such a thing as fertility et peter d ii really empty—the material of wi hich fi 
from "4. йен of any particular crop to give ех-|сап B Een a may lie naturally there in P xin Mr, Mechi, B vba he says, “It settles definitively 
pression to it. Soils naturally differ in their fertility, quantity, but the а =з be deficient as a laboratory, | the question of the value of а 
and, left to nature to clothe them, one will exhibit a | in which "this food has to be prepared before it can be | ton of town sewage, taken at its оше. 3 ba be artha 
uxuriant growth, and another will exhibit a Pure used, Additional КА, so to speak, for ia pur- | on Mr. Mechi assumes tha t Baron Liebig’s 
1 1 with which they were naturaly | pose must be therefore introduced. rain will value of 4d. per ton, 
Covered, Take your stand on the top of Be сйсош be improve it in this respect by bringing andà distributing | RG it Ai ay the case 
f Gl 1 
out before уой, and observe the d its fi Lim 
lands within the limits of the ex ved various geo- e d be added, | n be a new and active re element: stituents in a oR 9 н) a тиа sewage P 
i ations, and on the consequently artie | x id by burning the soil an altogether new set of com- | Nothing of the kind. The substance of what Baron 
various soils of that district. One common is nett | binations ai b ойра! aboni, Liebig really does say may be stated in a very few 
with rich and abundant Grass, another with a very| Thi mil as e-room, laboratory, | words. He says that #7 the aver 
scanty growth of Sedge and Rush, half hid in "Thorn s and | and voice ч pL ge e Ape all the | се certain assumed. composition, and if to every 100 tons 
mb ye севвев ich fertility А " confer n soils, lt|ofsewage of such composition rather more than 1 ewt. 
le; Nos e conditions 0! fertility naturally existing | 
to be found a 
peter question of t. 
"m a eem H 
that in Baron Liebig's letter 
бараме qm ent of the 
the 
n the one case and notintheother. Observe also how, | does not include all t e special айа рам to their | of Piparphadplnte of lime be added, it will then (after 
b eti pos " t Ов 
whatever be the ere 
luxuriance е gear here and sintine of g roti 
ere, t 
; such a thing does inchado toe drainage and tillage oF the Boil, the | abo out я . E eckon 
ч А-А | 
ticular crop. s enih is exhibiting it) according to the Мо азр а man in the occ cuparion of a farm of which 
аз our Subject. 
like these. „1 think however that this general view of | Sewa е? Quite the con 
ГАК ү, | a 
E 
am sorry to sa instance and illustra 
d comparing it is useful to Ше agricultural student. It cannot be Hr odi a e 
e 
si 
S ^ 
p qnc ult неаб уны wil must add ti that whatever may be the open the. 
e certain and reliable data; those теш 
Wer water are Tess „во 5 but T ‘night long ago 
burning, f tl tuents ү. Koi that ч Шон Я 
ће esult of an artificially created fertility soil d to the. creation of fertility. This Бает of. Най be not added, it will only be worth 1ljd. 
gm y A Baron Liebig himself claim that his estie 
e fa die wants to be doing somethin ag to | mate is founded upon deni p — Title 
farming have been ‘observed, Thus, if you traverse that арон 16, d he may be impstient of general truths | composit. "Nf m politan 
di str iet illa ue 
be БХ. ie the home ger which are constantly inion on this bunt very 
ured Vy t the stock b i 
utr. es ө have "his own 
clearly stated. In reference 
d Ап “Lacking mo 
one farm with tao tbe you will see 6 (ho matter beating about the bush. le pue es lead take Profesi Way °з analysis of p sewer water, 
— to an intei сааш ырдо with farm s thus Which this mos eu аш в ches made at Ше request of 
oper; f it as an Ж га] Boar: : gai 7 
ор 
its improvement is useful to him, and certat nly to the analysis o WARA: upon bioh м founds his 
де » ertain Чач I 
th 
C 
have 
"X ing =» year, 
of 
pre the . 
Ап inte lig ent observance of the rules to which these | its pe d 
In & you might the bat!  Butisit even probable, 
er А 
d in one view 
soil 
two princi 
itself as it тау be called—t her concerning | the misebieyous thing but a be ene efic zial thing. . Provided it | ier valuable constituente 
contents of the soil; 
physieal properties of t 
"d 
ы се including the 
P y hi r-d Е full 
of сеира of farm yard. dung, guano, bonedust, super- | may t to get at the actual t 
te, lime—of san rni e careo clays—of m marl- ШМ rder to ge et, i chea and best way, at i at the mouth of each sewer in in. Тоодон; & 
ing Вапйв-=оЁ sheep fo 0 ngible рева of "atie Г fertility which б, crops Water had been collected morning and pm every 
it is e em ijet o of КОА hen whieh was a iin and г esent—I do not mean | day during the week, and at the end of the seventh 
my subject, I had eo little to do with the | either nig to o le БО or LE det y u lose sight d those | | дау е 
fitness of the 6perailuné маг" ҮР т ч d ка, hort) by which tl e| chemical analysis" Again, he says, * *In the onleula- 
its of growth of particular plants; f tl of the tillage farmer is | tion of the value of sewer water there is one factor 
much with the way in which d fertility [un my MESA. explained, and understood, Nor, t гре, doubtful, viz., the absolute amount of phosphorie acid, 
rules if reed ы Il produce) ma table; do I mean either to forget for myself 0; е | ammonia, and po which a ton of the said 1 
Les knowi Кеи на is such а А54 аза : inding y ^ és: и Ba ithin which tl e n rai кезү Pot pe чин Lee M: Pis i 
ther, I told | trut st be unders operate. mean g. t о 7 
FoEt ie „Анн ной nes en т soil и Анча йд fertility of E for example, about | “settles definitively the question, hitherto much dis- 
dinem improved and placed маре on the scal v I have been speakin puted, of the yi of a ton of town sewage taken аб 
judging from + 
the evidence 
all those paftiodtur- чай рен! that ів of n0 use whatever until it has found its expr res. | we En at poten that the ied metropolitan 
Z Mito ses, and the corres d in order to these you have to | sewage is anything ong as upon 
which a éPiopácutivaly e T soil "may observe not only t the general rules of rs AA - o ial at which Bar Baron Liebig bases” his "үсү 
ertain ba ot. Iquite agree 
have dee quii conferred upon it t, I told you that habits and cbaracter of these crops, an бом e dh aloud enia)! DUUM s foh 
pal divisions—the one concerning the so Tt is & general rule of fertility аб water is not a | from on жүл er, the relation of the ammonia to the 
may, upon the average, be 
definite; and since eret А mmonia » 
soil , the other referring ex- | in all the pr rocesses which growth Phe Т reckoned to gi ve three-fourths (mo less) of the 
clusively to t remember, however, cn; ложаў, one day before a|money value, we may take the ж amounts 
I told you that а E нод be considered as а farmers? club t that definition of land , drainage which | ammonia i in sewage ав indieating, p esc mmt s 
Store-room of -— A М aboratory in whi water] N 1 ig 
it is prepared, as a. vehicle Ape ch it is eonveyed— | On the contrary, I declared it was a contrivance ix айр, м , b ра esie of his ы жеее analysis by 
- pn fertilit; де firs this n being | making use of water. ** Water in ios n is А пзе ful | Pro же; ау & sam à à 
only full but Ker emi this labora | à iioi what more fertile than a water-meadow ? " and d ar) e sewer, which Lad o ied of 
qu In I 
aei "o in Mia Tis. Due en n got TEC perde ep: 
v stating that nbove the nverage," 
which the|you by the exclamation of a practical farmer, 
ie e it was 6 much апі. 
а fertile well supplied ; and, thirdly, | in ано me with the declaration that he had never | i үү 
upon e vebiele by wliich the fed i ed to known а good Wheat crop except it was a dry summer. | adds, Em i & Witt give аз the average 
the plants being in sufficient acti у The general truth on which I w. as expatiating is a truth, | of bel analyses of the undiluted sewage, that is the 
Arm but not more active than їз necessary for tt d therefore | of t EE rainfall, 8.2 of ammonia per 
supply of food as fas! nts ean use it. more ctical one, which in thé case of the t "nd And again, taking into caleulation the rate of 
I told you that among the physical properties of soils | ег op limited i its application, peer , which constitute the 
ме their texture an өнө dre im , their ^s н gui on t tte E 4 мө Кыр e e. I shall point out to ern теб =з series beer ne the metropolitan 
oie absorb; ing, етт ай ое moisture, | you the im ng the full nse of the whole yn ive a lower averazestil!, Lastly, from entire 
their shrin no nght, 6 aces Е m of your Pire at hey Vid Ө xen Ў ali kinds age E data, I think there is very little 
external w ss Ber "е texture Lie cie uon, agencies, her € that the real average më sewage would show 
especially, and the pen s soils | throughont its su T abal argo opor уоп of | less amounts of ammonia, aud the associated 
to water, hinged the cost оі cultivation as well as а | whether a aret б-а Pn" than Е he average of Dr. 
of the fitness of the soil as a | food, the: soil is deer ehe by thoroug! 
аз a store-room, 
Гар, M vehicle in which food for | inference being that deep ploughing ror 7. aerem d 
qe 
000 tons ot average 
сопу 1 told you that eod stirring to ihe fall depth му 
а не Well, you will go out Шей е fei реа, ttis [by Baron Libig's КШ 
itan sewage calculated 
and method, but on the basis 
