1068 
ẹ | up to this mome: as, its a 
Acts of trenes it yn r pr drainage of land, practically 
ач the necessity of legal eei РО S, sud exclu s the 
ring element from the тав sation of the works 
carried c out under Government c 
details in which I hope to interest you; and let me 
begin by saying that although : my interest | in ш 
Institution and my e n 
great, I should 
n 
e best- instruetion that can be given 
at whi ch combines Tüeory 
ice, by illustrating tl 
with instances of actual e ехрегіеп de d 
nature of theoutfall eie шз every drain 
tically decides ine limit of the area. "This, Бер, wi 
remedie 
ved be led by the frequent 
stly consequences of superior 
pereat БӨГӨТ in the кеч of "agricultural i [ie rovements, but 
remember that it is much easier for actical man, of 
scientific education, to descend to the capabilitis of а labourer, 
nder bas not been gathered 
study ‹ of f words, but fro m an active н сагеег 
Agricultural Drainage is а new 
29 а regard it аз 
whos н estend 044 ue 
There are no books whioh: n give the student the 
рст LC cene en n Xhan for а labourer to ascend to his. Nor ШОРУ yo НР IE 
` “ .|bythe fre u E observations of certain Members o - 
E esee des MA gr o pega ы dfe of lature, who, st-prandial spee be ie atagricultural m E: 
d 
their od | property the best and only necessary шекара ее, their hearers e: te. ves them — C — 
ded 
g, but I refer to those who have ape А "ym thei render r drainers th ho have 
de c а special object of attention, an pi ma ain ge a sp а SS: but $00 1 ust bear in mind 
branch of education which can only be reac pM eo that "atta men's у ces is one way of gaining their 
- чы 
investigations, and by careful study Бе. сыган e Nature g|5Y Peste and their votes 
с questions 
laws, and those principles which rule in Hydra r the belief that agricultural drainage was a 
of all — Th zd Баа im tho matter of aitiigle thing veis every one with ordinary ui 
it thoroughly he must have a love and knowledge of science, | £ence e could do, а of which the results must be | 
and — widen hi tions beyond th: f his pu urely and wholly benefi several millions vta Diae ey 
НЗ: еа 
regard to tho: ose Lig conditions which regulate the 
Supply « os ees water through t 
observa! 
The majority of those present have pro 
been led to think, and the Md etes proportion of ens who 
have wet lands to drain are doubtless 
cultural Drain d nothi 
t ing more nor less than dinge 
by l s so far apart and so dee d that no the which км ose waters are ultimately dis- 
e consid: e" y is due " ri subject — ha 
will aj to the draining of a far а single field; that, in 
Gy pereo ho y prescribed method ove the in- We | e been content to remove the evil in the best way 
jurious water immediately affecting bis farming operatio РАА — suggest, roor тебиенев: to ibo water 
i t h injury 
economy of the done to valleys below. 
country, or 
in 
real source and cause of tho wetness, а: 'op It cannot be necessary to нд you that any praetice giving 
m removing it without deranging the r economy of | individual profit, which is attended with national disadvantage 
the country, and the best i injury to ot i best a perfect system ; but it is 
drainage without injury to lower lands, are objects of super- | Very heme to impress upon every fut e. iuro сри 
erogation, and altogether beyond his duty. Му introductory | agricultural drainage, as an art, goes, he 
however, will b ected to the removal of this | expulsion et water, to —À most Judicious way of removing RS 
h 
impression, —to show i со tbese neglected considerations 
art, t 
are the Alpha and Om of the that the prevailing ti surp us water, so that it shall not only | $ 
practice o: ing == Pus ap 1 t deep sy , | reach its ultimate destinatum: thout injury to гл» sin, Td 
is а very narrow опе, and that, пора considerable improve- | Properties, but that it shall be pue t d unt in its 
ment has resulted fro! en done, that ira отет — to that oint. e must always look upon vw r as 
His resulted rather from the fact that all drains do e good, | element given us for m" ses, and that the excess that 
than from the control of scientific judgment. troubles us in the soil is capable of many uses in 
m and free-soil valle. 
а an individual estate may be 
Алыр whei v ои mode leads 
the peg ir should уы the t first study of the drainer when | determined arbitrarily byi its о 
designing his work,—that altb - hey talk of the great | to disorganisation or not, and the only w. inging about 
variety of во! ey meet with, acknowled, ut two|8n u асли action, — аа — "principles, is by the 
descriptions of «оніо wetness, Ж, that ed by the | dissemination of info n of а sound character; but the 
retention of the rain falling directly on the e surface, and that discharge and distribution c of i the drainage water be € depen- 
which s ovii br springs: Byav ES convenient simplifica- чак сораса — ent, and requiring the combined 
tion these waters called “to tom” adjoinin, VPN rs, cannot be bject to the ва me 
тесеу, ааа certain sense the terms a are ro right, beg ы mme Tt is, therefore, probable that mprehensive 
you will see how prejudicial. ical and | treatment of the whole matter will only eH deferred until the 
deutet o j Tatter, s Асылы the | outfall consideration has taken its proper position in drainage 
try at large, such gen control, and this time is fast appro: ра 
And with respect - outaha | fer "the discharge of injurious Large estates, comprising hill a nd valley, clay lands and fre 
waters,—which is егу key of all under-drainage works,— poils possess within уйд the n e Ё ofa ОШЫН. 
во completely has qM attainment of t ошын: been sive system of drainage and distribu NER ch all the 
disregarded, that though we have bee ending millions in КҮГЕ ОЁ economy may be regarded ; und us of you 
subordinate work, we are at a loss even for a wo: 1 to express П probably b e land agents, and have the management of 
^ ores i зм мораа ki шигем is dud ы extensive properties, let me i th: plus ultra 
reverse ofi its 
channels, w! s t 
stituted the term '* 
Algernon Clarke wrote ize Essay, w 
Hind the in the — «d у MM Agricultural Society of | Count 
ugh, advocating the general 
improvement t "зма, Ше 
River 
ntrated а Esel 
s the 
"opted the more commonly 
f 
understood of *R Reform." This, again, has been | charged last winter forits use in these dry months? Then, 
con: phrase to he ordinary water- sider the berless instances in which the water of 
cours of tributary valleys, the i vement of | drainage may be collect d applied as motive 
which is as e to the full development of under drainage | power. mi а Armstrong, in his n МӘ M to 
as that of the themselves; we have, therefore, settled | the British Association, called the attention untry to 
down 1^ нна уы of ** District (combined) drainage а: It 
would be alie 
e | Which he eth 
the sompuntirdly epe exhaustion p^ accessible, dud. 
to t o givi 
tbe figures by 
we should be 
dersiipe of the coni pais: уоп са 
with the warning given us, it isa eel sin to continue to 
deeem as heedlessly as ve are doing that, element of Lodel 
which will endure for ever, and, if rightly placed, 
VUE Zim Tuon уйн haas its асое "but t the id des е | cheapest of 
Tt riy intention to limit tia вобше to шо rupe {есе im 
Е of “ District Drainage and Outfalls,” 
nsideration with respect to 
ir fene which should v nent] EUN 
sd 
d 
y 
а E. 
Ф 
nly "s n бы: r^ ev = of pee depend, 
at the wrong en вд, but ria tie e pra _ sit Жай show ae im order di SUE 
; et на 
rologi mstanci 
ап апа varying Кона lote x m am the influe: 
ge 1 
h 
к, about a char 
eto 
due to each, is bringing 
which is pern erests 
and that underdraining, Ms hee. hare A effect of 
а cing floods, is, by the want of discrimination, tending to 
Eden wa be limited to a few millions of acres 
isola we should not S to fear any great 
as there are ten times 
uns ré nter in the object, In a few short years it will 
t be regarded as one of the paradoxes of the present truly scien- ! Ramsay, 
THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
administration Qf the several | tific аде, tbat local and physical data should have been over 
[NOVEMBER 7, 1863, 
ave been o: ove 
nd that for ths 
ture, form 
ridden by official forms and tabulated returns, a 
sake of канон шшш lands of c tex: 
position, and subject to rainfall of v. 
and irregular the dischaj 
which h : 
- of water. Нау hei oa retentive 
n you! ou will have a го] 
У of Sous special, DES lIn а cR. 
- in а the effect of lan. nd drainage on 
mo 
e particularly, 
(То be continued.) 
Ноте Corresponden 
Gorse.—Your correspondent “ В. "ch ks for ШЕ or- 
| mation re e rse a8 fodde 
mbining well marked sinite а, fattening pro 
ties. When cut Mer e chaff-cutter it is rea 
wel mi 
it is «медеу, erede or pou aps d. 
machine of my ow "eld bos 
s aff-cutter toget ethér 
uced to am - rate that I € it régie d in à d 
feeding to {ге e ent of 40 lb. а а er beast, and 
that it is beco ost indispen- 
When cattle in the stalls vil ent do as they do, 
sable. 
ravenously, it is a egi nt assuran young and 
store animals will do the ваше. I fud it of the ke 
benefit to calves and yearlings die he 
months, from October to к . ES. its iesu with 
ve fficient exp myself, but I am 
el that they are equally Га 
чв ты 
о been used with success in feeding swine. А fat pig 
bt a prize at the Dublin Society's Show last 
leue give Roe yp as to 
r the use of Gorse to any a ee 
8 lsh, Stedalt, Balbriggan, Ireland, 
Oct. 28. [Tha ks.] 
Ф005, 
он ЖЕ» ОЕ Ead 
sday, Nov 
Мокхтн Сос Wedne. mber 4-. 
e gr Lord F Ferat, President, in the o M 
wis, 
Mr. Branston, M.P.; Cantrell, nes Сыйы 
Mr. Clayden, t AE EP; Me. uce, Mr, Exall, Mr. 
Brandretn Gibbs, Mr. Holland, MP; Mr. Vren 
oskyns, Mr Humberston, М.Р. ; Mr. Jonas, Mr. Lawes 
Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Milwar r. Pain, Mr. Randall, 
Mr. Rigden, Mr. Rol Snith, Mr. Shuttleworth, Mr. 
> Frere, Professor 
oelcker. 
e fo же мц New Members were elected :— 
s, Roch erae 
ir Thom x Grafto 
"отео House, South Shields. 
E n, Ross, Herefordshire. 
Brett, Wilford Өзү; А ge, Esh her. 
Bright, John, Longford, Market] Drayton, Shropshire. 
pur cbanan, David, The Lodge, Clifton, Ru; чару. 
а Edward, The Manor Farm, yvela rapsto: 
n, Robert Не enry Lingen, Chilton Grove, Shrewsbury: 
nimis Thomas лат Nórmanton- med Cap Notts. 
, 53, Grosvenor 
live, the Hon. Cap! eo. W. Windso 
Street, London, E 
Colby, 8. E., Havod Grove, Cardi 
h Wales. 
Сочи James, een Qe 
Б, кок, Wallsend Hall, Neweasilo-on-Tyne-- 
Robert, Northumberland. 
Ron, 
Ealand, John Robert, A Aisthorpe, ее 
de а Robert, TTolladine, сечи 
as Ast кое Wor 
4 vou He Wirt 
1| бше, William, не ста Banbury. 
m 24 ушы Seven Springs, Cu w Cheltenhom. 
. Bedford 
& 
es, Jobn, кошору, Leicester. Sa : ye 
mond, Dr, 
— 
T; Charles Frederi Жей spot Trpo, E 
ЕЯ p e PTS 
att, George, akefield. 
er Thomas, Бойу лр Wrestam uyy d 
FOREN Оша Hoo UE MORES 2 
э 
o Doc. 
т 
