м. 
BE ucro 
Моүвмвев 21, 1863.] THE — SUR AND Е GAZETTE. 1117 
а T C O E STT 
erative | farmers I ever knew, used to advise me when a young 
the Алар to the vepres and tothe country by the improve- | Т 
ment of а ре extent o: d. rà d if 
The amount of capital песоввагу for the proper cultivation of man to re х dos җе Кн get ie d heart the сч зданий 
an arabl fi depends upon the situation of the — the а е ood management he ev 
system of managemen: m pursued on it, its condition at knew, yet I have heard my father say, that when in 
End of өптү, 0 the torm, at whig, the might ront is tod 1 the neighbourhood of Bradfield, he could alwa ЇЇ 
and some other circum і expecte : 
the capital considered necessary vase ut different periods. In M А field ә дайн, Xong s farm began from the 
a pamphlet published by Mr. Wedderburn іп 1770, it wasstated adness Ot the farmi at a stran ntradiction 
that the capital considered requisite for a between preaching and p eod To go to the 
per statute a Mr. ertson, farmer а , * Calendar." Others have followed in Arthur аре 
Eeport o gricultu id-Lothian," draw кор for Yo oung bad his followers, as Shakes 
then 
and their own farms without sicilia Mna, while t hey would | Milton theirs but a we 
the capital at 51. per statute acre. Sir Jo nclair in 1812 
calculated б the returns given in to hi ^ large gara enrich their fields by the cake and manure used on the yon Ніз“ * New Farmer's Calendar? is adeo old 
о! ers in Scotland that 6/7 12. 94. per { will be Youn Mr. 
cre was sufficient, Professor Low in 1844 estimated D Tor er who has once got [Betten a g Morton's is 
e еа 8.4 es Nu CP TR publish x айн - пениса н [e ҮРЕ, it to ) De aT SE modem. qu уен latest authorities," as very old 
1851, it is estimated at 01, for à farm managed on the four. |* ny of that condition maps never failed to specify. І, for one, rejoice to have 
соц у! » . 78. aged so аз avethe| Too often as qu end a lease approaches, and the tenant із | found the work in suc ands, but why not call i 
half in Wheat, and the other. in Beans, Clover, Turnips, and noart as to having his lease renewed, the liberal treatment F уг T ^g t is а Arthur, Тош, eo. e by 
in of the soil previously pursued is changed for one of mistaken me 
not пе e lime or other costly manure. It will | economy. Hula or e OD is е-е 9 and all is taken | Morton's “ Farmers’ Calendar." 8, 
be observed how the capital considered necessary for a farm is | out of the soil that can be got wi t restoring anything to it. 
gradually increased by the different writers as they approach | Th e when applied to the soil is поб merely to 
the present times. But when we consider the difference | supply t ents necessary for the growth of the plant, and Farm , lubs. 
een the value of money now ‘апі what it was even а | restore to the soil those that have been removed from it by the T 
quarter of ntury[ago, e requisite | plant, but also to call into action some of the constituents of EasrLorHiAN: Nov Steam | Cultivation.—Mr. 
t of gapital p nót, 80 e 2 dn g E OE s «Бото the gon RM generino would have lain dormant. Тһе| сот SKIRVING, wh DELE introduced the dis- 
o no elieve al e capi al invested | farmer therefore who, trusting to the high condition of his soil, 
y tenants in the arable farms througho out Scotland | purchases no manure phe the end cf his lease, has not the cussion by a long г reference to the history and literature 
exceeds if it even amounts to 5l. per a age, | advantage of the profit to be derived from the manure itself, of the subject. 
An ough agriculture, made great progress of late | and from the elements of the soil called into action from the| Mr. SADL LER, of Ferrygate, then said ;—You are 
ondi rents have nm ЫГЫ; there has not A. а maro атайы бе elon manure, while the soil is exhausted of its | aware that last year I t of 
со! Кызыл: in the profit mer. is has | more available elements. He is thus the first пабег himself, 3 
been о uch in many insi s to the want of the | and thro m both the 1апа1ога and the nation also suffer F owler's steam р одын apparatus, b I have come 
necessary Eid to evalo the full resources of the soil. The |loss— "o his land being exhausted, the latter first 
rem crai in Seo ч acie at neget eu : i OK тей profit of th ant, and secondly by the[reduced | а Yoa 
are intelligence, skill, enterprise, ustry, but | fertility of the soil. No manufacturer of sense would allow his 
ital is awanting. Many tenants are fond of having | machinery to get out of order because he expects to leave his will е a all account каада ап unbi assed opi inion, for 1 
larger holdings than their means warrant, and h full | premises іп a few years. He knows the better the order his have no interes ts whatever to 9 and I do mean 
ps is not done to the farms, and the ts are necessarily | machinery is in the more work he will get ont of it, and there- | to ех xtol AT one g I 
t is unfortunate for the agriculture of Scotland that | fore he does not grudge the small annual expense in keeping it | of в culture over the ' other. , the turn- 
man 2 landlords and the tenants are ambitious of | in aet order. What the — is „4 the cement f th bi ты К 
cupying а greater extent of land than they | the farm is to the farmer; and what ія true of the one is also BG arrow, 29 Байынан un witt out inversion ; 
— - тар justico to with y am — I consider that vs - of 297 Á— 3 à 4 Р. 
сар requisite for an e farm e inary circu me people contend that the гете his system of of irec апа roun: t acti i 
stances, and on which the landlord is to ex: l per: n exhausting the soil towards the end of aeii is to ah Е 9 о E abon ao Fo, Б ees DE 
improvements, should not be less than from 107. to 12l. per | pensation for “unexhausted improvements," or, in other NITE ids. 
he condition of the farm at the ti: fentry.| words, ''tenant-right." “The recognition of any such a light implement over the land in moist weather and 
›” said the late Mr. M'Culloch, ‘‘wonld be most propano a seed-bed in the excellent manner in which I 
wd farmer's wife is reported to have com- 
Some shre à 
Ф mischievous, and is indeed quite at variance with tbe principl 
pared [Жесе as а А Yetinmerattvé business to “ cooking | of осспрапсу for specit. Lime? "We inve tdi уры ui x V ror doing the other da ; t Fe e. датага їп 
a feast and getting the smell ble, or | counties where it exists," т. Caird, ** that the agriculture and in preparation for Wheat, h n the 
H int б kot with hand is on the whole fafedor. Е Ж of other vitri and in no other hand, drive a grubber, two yards sida rough 
ing money into ones poc EA ap en д case, even under the most favourable circumstances, i 1 
taking it out Mm the other." Most farmers will agree | {o ot stances, superior | the ground in dry 
t te i which do d жеее ы С OF more at ls. 6d. an асте, employing only six 
with her that the dass of farming are not great, and | tenant-right. Тр every county it bas led to fraud in greater о 
these var d all occupations, with the |less degree. It perpetuates bad husbandry by stereotyping | Ре ople, part nd he can dig 10 or 12 
followers DANA бесу practicas ~ which аан E Mere ments have rendered | inches deep ii in solid clay, a: ET have been doing this 
A farmer must not only have a'knowledge of his busines: limiting - is mean ds s for fu ^f балит d л Ар А сит „арос ON OYET ха кте uires more favourable 
ost profitable way of manufacturing framed. o: re — тынга. ана stipulations өч circumstances ; he does not adapt himself so much to 
t | expl cit and based F ys ana there will be no need at the | the tenant; he will not Word in angles; he must have 
end of the lease of such unbusinesslike proceedin Viens the fence s 400 
d by tenastright, or UE for unexhausted | st rios тда rix is pun e MEG. have the 
dishonest. trickery and bad 2 apent,» yery 
D кА pee 
account. Farming diera rom ihe paniy 
fession in this and other respects, The me vehit having lenned 
his business begins to practise it at once by buying апа oie 
The farmer on the other OM кү to choose first from among 
the different brenehes into w m business is divided which 
he is to pra em, manufacturer before he 
engages in em "pre per mercantile m of t ot farming, viz., that of 
buying and selling. And the same qualities requis: site for a 
merchant are also essential to a farmer in arme degree. 
immense opora of bronästufs, r the PL Е c E breakages 
uhr f ut even if these ces are to i 
tinue, as there is every likelihood of their doing during А üns added to this. I may mention that when the 
of peace, the energy, skill, and ана E the farmer grubber we never had any breakages, but I prefer using 
i cast- 
Thayi sena e ы — а ЕСЕ - ан may yet bezsuccessfully emplo; yed in raising stock instead of | the plough when pioneering for stones, with its 
for success in farming is due as much to pret ч attention in | iron skifes, although they А do break now and then. 
Дондо out th: m of а e з any MM у z me Corresponden эк ; T gem he А apos 
system—as muc) small savings as атре protits. nothin rge, bo or rope and engine, than 
It has been well said that “th rs t ild Breed оў Cattle.—A peret 0 in one | doi: E I to th оге. аў "аз to 
on ох, E т E P et н сенг of yo n s is wrong when stating that| whether ploughing or у m best system, I 
Tordai 06 o farmer should know the value Chillingham, in Northumberland, is the eg place i can tell | you what Mr. 26 
oru the ne articles he deals ас and how е соне -— dispose of ere m е e " wi e ist ter en " 12 
em to the test advantage. Тоо often have farmers |be found, as a fine of these in Метт iliis vids with buen г, as exhibited b him at Worcester, 
skilled 2 eT dt emer er € о а Y "S — exists, and has done for centuries, at Chartley, near | o er it i in ipie апа vr the cultivator at all.” 
— == - the s -— ан they араа ege e; estate wv vet F E cattle are Ho із во с convinced that th is the e right w ork for his 
on arms—the main if no e cause o white, and & curious family superstition is 
intment being their want of the important qualification | with the herd—should a black or spotted calf be born r he hears of the rm of this 
of buying and selling to the bestadvantage. When we consider | it з= considered а sure sign that а death will shortly | im den upon our йч however, » hav 
the t labour, anxiety, and risk which a farmer undergoes $ y p p crop, А еа 
ее fosecution. of his business, he is m i6 per —€ d - E vo у = €: - estate and notion that he will change his pe UM is o 
nt. on bis capital; bu y 8| ing e e ong. R. D. S., Cheshun ov. e Аа land ii 
А mado eel фа, д пасе ае E L- Arthur Young's Farmers Calendar, 21st Edition.— spring I feel certain, as it is no Pari е to i 
from s ess, teaccountsshould be kept, which should 6 y friend те Calend "dn клон E ** Arthur uch — don ods inaug wi od 20. x m Nd 
balanced at least once a year. on comparin oung's — ers now no ав | requi t the agri рас le 
farming withthose from other pursuits should not forget in their t vriter, but rable farmer, | not e а p h experience, n m bel jef is [^ 
mince тшп oa emn = rod by the p d. the | about ít, but the name. Did Mx восе admit ofa M : the ^d lüvator or grubber, f for they are Mere 
I should say it was too tnm g for Young. Iti the terms, ato a an 
A farmer in prosecuting his business commercially 
should be able to omoda his system to the times; 
and hence the advantage, I would say the necessity, o 
his not nS nid by жы nd obstructive 
clauses in his lease. sperma енн 
play of Hamlet with the part of Hamlet ott. * qe land in autumn for Wheat, as I o rem апсу а 
plan is Young's, the солнцу ед їз 0. and а | work superior to that. I am at present до oing a& Ferry- 
is ОЁ first-ra rate | gate on Potato laud, the drill following ce 
close 
gas y, а 
; for, of & the host of nibo v pe: 
E n e ныт the modern work, e. one will be found · 
the half of its term was past. il а babe un 
for instance, it was - cultivate Wheat | 
0А ће tt cereals during the Crimean war, their cultivation 
is now almost unre 
uod het # уос жт 
- not; Voelcker and us амі ether = chemical : T een doing n worth 20s. an - 
were alike aikaasi Even Jobn Chalmers | acre where Potatos are to IM. 
Morton — had = е ив ле in * Numbers." | ments we year that we can increase 
sober sadness I fe; t noodles in those | that crop about a fourth use 
munerative, and therefore commercially 
Mur. high f cattle, sheep, and In reat n by з 
Звы wit à the ow prices of the cereals аеш а i fatl d jogged оп | Any опе who saw the sets put into the drills after the 
in the system, viz.—in reducing the | у”, content to jog о on ав our fathers had jogg t the land of 16 or 18 
Мө ос А ЧА plogi and i in Increasing our pastures, | Delore us. Practice and Science were then hardly on | cultivator had ызга vs depth todos 
I believe that it would m for the Фе" benefit. of the farmer and or | Speaking terms, or were аб best but beginning to join | inches, could w í on ^ -— results as 
the nation at large у to form a larger of | hands ; and sulphates and hates, queer things to have obtained. анон uenis or gara се 
Det 4 br P ins down. с ау E dd swallow, and by no means easy cf digestion. In short,a|into the subsoil rtu t габа сеа 
[ер down. he prie of the cereals, those of cattle, нс Are p — шера betwe ical and wi s putin in autumn, 
wool have on the contrary It is worth; remar!) eoreti і pring «Бер d 
Сеге тон Qe inne Бех as it - M dis, P. he d oed ie M: die -- Seam. w 2428. " - 
increased about 100 L, i|? о contend tha 5 ; n en ots Lunar A 
oc a Race EA D LP IE 
кадои, rut, чыз ЖМ бы ap Die meer hare already said, XT rd mina |B Go ий уос grabbed tie Jand equal wali 
жешн уй- grazing farm and yet who would i from the n, 
а, с-з! y | jf m эв have got them to en. 
crop, td iris чы Vest ушаа Sis Hd 95 tae prac tica Бот sense of his тті tings? One of the best | have done it, wai то g 
