1162 
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, 
[DECEMBER 5, 1863, 
The Grass fields now are green, 
enough is on them they are graz down. 
The arable land, which has all borne а crop of | V 
Wheat, and i e all in 16 e-grass, has 
been laid open y the removal of fences for the 
, burni and ste am cultiva- 
ton ke ch it is to тесе м) М 
Ар? 
ile imperfect horse "lage 
pfe Bede of Meu utf: ko had after 
сні 
f land, and also the consumption of 
puram artificial food (chiefly oi leake), the result of 
whic is a larger quantity of sheep kept, and, 
much better kept than formerly, and no doubt gradun- 
larger produce in 
ur. 
upon the poor and second-class lowland pastur 
cattle nta sheep eem e" fattened upon this бебі. 
tion of land by ud CUM formerly only kept 
n fair gro onditi Oileake is also now 
used very generally i E keeping storo cattlein the M 
in yards upon stra or ha ay. ] ету this desc wie 
m Stock was merely 
ch spring, very] little more than M and bone. 
he 
quently to be беп goi ng down t to the aa in ho 
p to secure, I think i duty to warn others to 
make sim adiu i inquiries in ч e offi vd in which they b 
inis Charles Wm. Hamilton, Hamwood, Nov. 29, 
ON THE SUPPOSED DETERIORATION OF THE 
SOIL OF GREAT BRITAIN, ARIA ME THE 
EXHAUSTION OF ITS VEGETABLE MOULD., 
ja LECTURE DELIVERED BEFORE THE peik 
FAR 
MERS’ CLUB, NOV. 11, 1863. 
By Cuaries DAUBENY, M.D., F.R.S., Professor of Rural 
Economy, Oxford. 
үтисе 1139). 
Тнк vegetable mulated by the decay н: 
plants during centuries, | p now fo or the first tim 
Latterly, t 
diteh. The 
the use ч artificial manures, and the 
У |ъ is the mos 
vith e fodder, poor s st 
seldom to be seen. - The 
is 
gr mg d gradual i incrense in 
e become so rapidly deco mposed, as to pro 
& important feature in 
the gas ses so cnin id evolved from. it, an nd v 
хеп are 
eep receivin 
of eompost earth and | 
with g 
dressing is, 
m dapi иче 
te. effect of 
ness of the Gra 
Chilver tegs, eight | 
were Шуа aking the ram. Of course this is to | 
hey are the | 
d seemed | 
Y 
he 
proper division of the lot into small mostititón, | 
with easy aecess to each. 
e 
the 
f generally worked upon the hill farms as шек жеге А 
50, ог 100 уе: 
t а different appearance on | educated 
ood этр, 
soluble manure being visible i in thog greater green- | 
to 
eoit history" of Sussex farming. 
You cannot find a 
To ТЕ 
t аге г recorde d to hav ve sent forth а 
substance. 
n isin this manner that we may explain the over- 
flow g popu lation нана in many Pu ad mr 
ЖаШ in spite of wars, famines, ey А птеп, 
numero 
us, ав 
b 
to ge. 
land farms, where oxen were worked 20 years 
state and deficient capabilities at the p sent time, 
for instance, at modern Palestine, a country no 
land can | be tilled ОЕ, with horses or steam power. 
The latter has however only been 
epe than Wales s, and almost equ rm mountainous 
© 
© 
&É 
«2 
һе 
B 
25 
< 
S 
< 
5 
ча 
E^ 
e 
® 
LE 
2“ 
= 
fenced , Cities, inhabited by n "етен. 
Rc 
S 
© 
ES 
| because а mim su 
shall узар 
which the Le 
n | and БО. 
in this rẹ io 
b 8 
by the 
td, at xt period o of mian uec. sport under 
David, n red 800,000 m А-4, о bea n Israel, 
in Judah. Sure y niit « а teeming 
population. n a richer soil than at present exists 
of the account these exceptional cases, 
can bp occur generally i ^ а eountry at an early 
not lay а а impervious bed bets it pe the 
subsoil. 
INSURANCE — бела 
reful insurance against fire i of t sb 
or in a few peculiarly favoured 
localities n опе long MS I see no — to 
e produce need, 
| if property and judiciously cultivated, fall short ofi that 
th d f 
which was obtained fro e land in former ages. 
Liebig, in тее, уно , though utterly opposed to the 
ят 
Аз 
duties of. a | pruden t farmer, I "think 16 may - pe useful to 
The arable land du yet Ме be oq sid drained | o 
and iion, and steam sre жей Pen 
Mash n success x т in 4 р. 
раша Шаяру, 
КОНУ а great help to land drainage 
of са E to a clear understandin ng with the Insurance 
Companies upon every аан он of А new fireplace 
upon Ute insurer's premises—and particularly with 
respect to fixed ind. MA steam thre: shi 
machines. I need not say th 
and some 
re th 5y 
raid i in his book respecting emi might € 
ing us to infer that he extends the same remark 
6 the 
is almost universal in Scotland за га and 
which is 
онај, but "hut а necessary condition of it in stiff | 
of the mo st impor rtant c 
e: immed 
- This however, as he assures me in a letter, i is a mis- 
f his 3 ed 
neighbourhoo od her ere are travelling 
improveme nts in mo der 
g 
being, not that 
admi tte d that the ' ideao of 
Manor Farm at Purton be made more productive 
to the ect of all i classes dependent on it | Co 
than it n hi 
es of the kind thus described mu 
mately cm an 
st ulti- 
Sussex 
of Eid 
ue 
с notice б Ue Royal Ex 
banary 
region on this зй I have been made атое | ^" 
sant, е5 t E - СЕ that 16 becomes every one 
o loo ek terms of | ce; 
Ar acts г garding m my own case are 
Жү pem ately. put iud a small steam 
at once gave 
fg s 
their veces 
tas 
engine 
фе 
pba bibi ei fabt, in nasmuch as Au p 
nce from — quarters of a real i 
the ped oduc under tillage during del Jast t half 
century; P by moii в - bec. increase and of 
wages whic. E Ah eee period, 
evidently unm in ган im |; di doi 
Pr ofe essor Voeleker has given а few statements in 
chang Com mpany th 
done во, and І received a letter enclosing а plan of the 
premises insured, with a request that Iv would ma ark the 
before the Royal Institution in May last. Thus in t Pe 
, bearing on thi 
int:— 
d upon a nobleman's agent on Monday, who 
which I did to this effect : That it was in a stone and 
k 
parish of Oxnead, western m of Norfolk, the Wheat 
rop amounted in 1773 to 15 bushels per acre; e 
23 do.; ; 1798, 28 do.; RA enge 26 bushels. "Whereas 
ven few years has „ойу у 10 ‚0007. in 
ining the stiffes& clay soils of the co 
ой him the straightforward question, * Have your 
unty, and | pass 
slated buildi ng, with b ick floor and brick ch imney, and 
«еи nic: ating wi the barn only by means of a shaft 
g through a thick Miet the furnace o ening to 
the outside ai E building which contains the engine 
andat a dist; 
ushels. 
‚Но 1Кһата, днк, їп 1800, 24 bushels; average át 
present, 3 
Waterden; à near ә Norfolk : 9 average crop 
he 
ts inereased in псе?” and I could not get | andiat а ce from ether hay or straw—in fact, 24 bushels per at present, 86 d 
i say that had. here could € t possibly be a position more carefully ymondham, T No ate 1800, average стор, 
one very well knows), that all wet land im be selected with „а view to safety. I was therefore sur-| 20) bushels; 1860, average crop, 
improved by draining? І cannot find a case in my Messrs. Corbett and Armst Hudson, of Castle Дег, states that the average 
пег of a tend of rent from draining on | the роо letter :— t crop round Lynn in 1800 was 20 bushels, 
heavy clay soils centage on the itted tothe Royal Exch } it i 32 
. m some extent, be р ТЕ notifieation of having m- necessary fi Licbig's argumen nt to be able 
vy sv Mp much | engi ino bi оа. о , wood, үөү that à met Асу deterioration in the produce of 
m the: irected in reply to you that tl irectors | the country has as yet actually taken n place. 
But for imp ent of ing. iiber pm not vary decline proposals upon farm buildings and| Indeed it would be wonderful if with o ended 
| farming stock where Py. ИЕ is used, and decline | commerce and n! I the evil rh uir 
the 
re maini ng unlet until t two or 
33 и 
e thereof on pro 
пе remainder of "this letter referred to their offer 
not often counteracted, and 
me degree пеп кт мы: wi 
“hi is sufficient for our purpose, if we are able to show 
the му * about ү ап acre upon a ICT ti 
n em ] £k 
without 
as surpri Aet à 5 this, as the pP pop t: me to 
“м at the TU datu of one of the 
the improvement is attributable to expedients hio, 
from their very nature, are temporary an precarious, 
Another proof that clay farms lave ко of agricu| атау improvements; and bep that almost | has hich are capable T M 
i ue, is that there every Fifeshire or East Lothian had i утта Fori in ўер. first plac place, еі must be 
one for a vale bel gr ie engine, ed down o the ofice of the North British sound and rational system of husbandry, the only 
clay land of Sussex I have no doubt would now I t not only did that Com- | destined ed for раа and "ed аи ing 
laid down to Grass but for t vy 'inventory, | pany not verts to insure, "EN made no addition тект E р а об vicissitudes to ntry 18 
which the tenant when leaving would lose, to the | іо the са premium ther fixed or moveable | draws i 
of from 87, to 5l. an acre. ком the reverse | engines w I ei xn вау that I insured my | and not ов чак 
їз ће саве with hill farms. break | premises a! ai nct in that office, and as back with| Sach is that which the 
pic pd posting every year, xc doc large | not very comfortable feelings to the fact that щу | appear to have adopted, ind which has 
quien bae, baen brought, under, vallivaiton.in Ше 1 егы АР аа ps t cy n pedes 
years ; artificial manures to | the Royal Exchange Com excuse for depriving | period anteceden! 
an immense extent with the breaking up of this!me of the advantage they had been for half a century | prosperity of so. мама, 
yet maintaining in ancient tim mber of 
Бч 
