DECEMBER 5, 1863.] 
3 
THE GARDENERY 
CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
1163 
will have it, thro g 
M f their vegetale ш 
е case of t e two nations the proces 
Mord a implied ps the very фар use which i is | 
- of а е ы; во that little or no stock is КР 
bur ent is almost the o only kind which 
«ТЕЙМ аза Duae to heir land. 
Now as thes e must consi sist о the FOND materials 
| reaso 
sof | by t 
so 
; contains other тайшы 
T ME olt the s Ау is, that on kN d a very 
small portion, derived chiefly from the surface, is 
or this s 2,897, 365 tons have been expor ried in 
Europe zu seven years,* and as one 
ag 
naturally in a condition to be absorbed by the roots of | advantage derived from its use it ui be stated that 
planta. experi made in six places of the kingdom of 
Y és" 7б, im some cases, } 5 owed, that each wt риб] проп the ground 
at Lois Wee n No rthx blond а qu Series produced 150 Ibs. of Wheat, -400 lbs. of Potatos, and 
ra Vhea " crops has been obtained without df. ielded 
E manure аё all, simply by allowing one half of tbe 
in oat it 
Now the voee Eel of guano can hardly be ex 
t Tad 3stl з 
гет ne, for by Bison: to the 
addition to нете n priv i 
farmers may be enabled to $c: di "the land jit the spade. folo owing table, w. ven on authority of 
d period to the same my um d of fertility But experience appears to have shown, that on lands s| Lietie, it „will hi sen, $ lati in addition to phosphoric 
which it enjoyed when first cultiv It i 14 to 2 per cent. of potass, 
а эү нч fact, that with them the "volatile or | remunerative, will avail to bring into an ava ed fe pete vas of T magnes ia, 
azotised vM шыр of the manure is little He of, for | condition for the purposes of the coo nol а е ғ 100 PARTS OF THE ASH. 
the d ів left 
it dito Der esiccated, and all its an erp tter За | materials for an abundant harv E Guano. | Wheat. "put Rape. 
destroyed. It іва part of their xc add "manm Hence, under the operation of mere illa age, land | biis pu 
5 to 30 40 
р ould become gradually less ,and less productive until | Lime 84 to 3 4 H 10 
cereali, as with u $ * xs, agne 25 to 2.0 12 6 10 
recent write "poene gricu ure remar. Pies "acid . à s 4 45 36 36 
that Ње Empire er Тарай СС абда ‚ The elements of ritis indeed e and will Ci that Liebig is 
about equal to 
Great Britain ы. nw К that owing t to the hilly 
810] 
natur е of the 
d, n 
for Кетер d gd pul ch is 
not га of the husband- 
man, ia тен ын) һу the „chemist, that he 
thes small, 
ba ed to ii. ati e superiority of guano over 
аре hop hate of lim the ammoniacal mia it 
Yet it is fo eux that the addition of amm 
tilla те ve whi 
rale din that of the British Is jands, в is maintained 
ara 6 у has roduce of their o ign e whereas 
Grea! d gp orts fro! kind 
hon Eus ent of many m 
isture, uni and ве 
(е the phosphorie acid, which, combining with the 
the. million Now 
fact alone is suficient to redes those theories Ат 
of 
attribute tbe falling o. 
mm eus bons а salt, affor SA A from its easy solubility 
of the natural humus. 
Were there any truth in such a notion, the long 
d Mn which the ground has nee ee in 
these tries, and the reduction of the whole region 
80 м "tibi ries ago, б, 48. an artificial conditio ion, by the 
removal of Len piment an and A bringing the 
who. nd u the dom mus 
t have 
pnifoant p в" "that the earth 
which x ru be i jin а slow, т апі | 
expens 
ug out, having handed down from fi AE 
воп their joint acquisitions, would have secured to 
present n pone the enjoyment of wealth, had e 
ойе pot out to interest the ou that had descended |1 
ME 
un нее Мац п bestowed in 
getting R^ et these ЫН ae КЫЫ prre than in 
preserving Е and the fable of Hercules р the 
Au stable by forcing t 
it, isa type of what is often done in the backwoods c of | 
America, and in dei of the more fertile portions of | а; 
Russia, even at the present day. 
In such cases Феі УНА "А to attribute the decay 
iity to the exhaustion of vegetable mould 
— since the removal from the - ofthei 
taken up by a num mber successive cro 
explains the Бан н, which it it las 
йе. 
countries somewhat more advanced, various 
expedients are resorted to with greater or less success, 
in order to bring back the land to its original state of | 
productiveness, 
In Armi pled ран indeed, where an abundan 
of u ub emite xists, upon w. which to fall back, | 
i bus d n Aus ost э bandon tbe old and 
exhausted land, and so that the 
system of fallowing, which ad held its pimai in most 
is in fact an expedient 
ee зын 
j consequences of this system of drain- 
ing the satura! resources of the soil, without i 
i he gradual di 
Ш | ехсге! 
proceeds. 
But df presuming upon the fact that 
unlimited] а 
ттен in the rock, he cbose to squander away the 
аа of ages, he would be sure to find to his 
nt 
His sri an ponti indeed, having laid by the profits | th 
of the ore, which during а long succession of years they | f 
had d and 
d 
ami 
mouvt of ore not yet worked аб чан lay 
pply of nutriment to plan 
fi» a er a time ln iv efficacy, and 
is may be explained by com 
t 
ре, 24 of potass to 3 
cid; Img ав we have seen, furnishes mu 1j to 2 per 
edid. se Los and 2 of magnesia, to about an equal 
ount of this same acid. 
So Ж ед, as the available potass or magnesia 
Чер in the soil — реш, the phosphoric 
element of the gua will cease to contribute to the 
that what he could dd by s: of labour fi 
he earth, left him after all but a scanty subsistence, | ` 
nd perhaps even one, which, ав е ү told by Sir W. 
with o 
n guano [dw is, rid all an imperfect 
аше for those sqq "matters, which 
rience led е er to appl. 
Аша ong, will one day be the our coal, may | ex farmer у. ie land, long 
have зле in consequence of f the incr: depth | eir етей. 
„which m could ' alone be o fs of М сабо: mixed with the straw 
inaccessible. — « a oth edendi, "арт A NO 
And such would be the case with the British land- | under the nam e regarded 
replace 
egree by artificial substitutes de Vir ыы materials | to 
which are so recklessly equande: 
RESTORATION OP FERTILITY. 
A EWY Eth т 2-4 + | 
in a great эф 
farmyard and 
in all а amongst the most vila bis as well as the 
sible kinds of manure which can be applied 
But they are inadequate to fulfil their appointed 
| office, both in енн d ў quality ; in eres. d 
because they repres y the inorganic consti- 
tuents s of the food which the ede have consu ode p 
трата 
namely the 
by preceding € crops through t [4 aid о manures. _ 
|s 
т 
he loss epe by the 
sale of corn, legumes, : and live stock o od th 
f catt 
The soun 1 
uno ye ut 
parpi "of ТӨШЕ v. what 
crops ees afford subsistenc "X" 
In most other countries, in lieu of this, the most 
unfailing еру various ape substitutes have been | 
d to, and especially so e form of phosphate of | 
ү 
the. Бау ти, Turnips, &c., which they feed upon; 
and as contain а larger proportion of the ingre- 
| diente г ШИ, ired for the rod of the cereals be 
| their dius, it ete that whilst 
the for 
suffer both relatively i and 
Fon relatively, бА the straw will be 
than ed 
loped m gan 3 Lu tely, because the 
increase 5 the a larger quantity of 
i den 
tance "pro As enters those rAd ahg w which the. prain afterwards produced 
i : ; йш, that ao the min eg sul 
tion of produce which has n place in the [^ ч requires for coming to maturit 
үе жч ses ir he M prowa di where | ™ gene ai cad кы че нн JA EUM ущ e syste wer 5-й calating LA llow «оре 5 indeed 
ushe wn 1 was t t tical f. „І will not for a time to piane our perceiving t terioration 
pre sul whereas in ren it had su Рума X 12 | dwell u ма degiring: k ШКЕ GEA ara S Nos which this which the land has undergone, because these draw 
35 Emu vie mare vemm vitet " ED an | i portant article is derived, whether ar the bones of | their supply of nourishment from a deeper stratum, and 
1941 00 bushels had been п, animals or from the recesses s of the earth; suffice it to |thereby bring up to surface a fresh y of 
y 8,100 were obtain m bw is гн 850, | = nutr e matte i which, after passing through the 
Шо we in Europe аге obliged to look rÀ our |in vas N ов б ie Pampas of ges зацв! fe ai ptt ystem of the cattle which feed upon them, is distributed 
[n d тее cd кын the Medie MÀ ч the | her шн iet the sake of thei ir bone and | over ie surface боса o yarı 
and Mich ede Ме rd urafiki of th ен tallow, the demand for "the former has 0 eroi во eu 
has Е reduced by eon cnc P „А greatly exceeded the supply, that various minera] | end 
rr AL tein Ду pd pnt jure ve been proposed for furnishing the same 
еса ЧА the Corn Gien adoos Че gront Paa of Р, ineral d ub 4 ym 
Ameri ainly of -piirin a etate of groat purity, 
But there can be no doubt, that here also the I i 
effects ts will e ensue, and that in & few years the laud will explored тш Mn MEN 9 Mg o e XT 
sink А1 - -— as that = the older settle- Agri ral Society, and I am happy lv the | Peri 
тобы s reduced to sterility, tbrough the э» Берен ыо to its птоз р ер availing f — oer 
ere Keen ot its 5 vegetatie mould, bat requiring MÀ mur Vg reme wo ке (ре guia epe been now pieni of cattlebat dio afa ded ed ык from 
aid A Сас orm d manure which is found in oth prem ig br ic at the time of my visit, tended to err pog et b run to waste. 
connect Lisbon and i кйш ect of i oarit e pers 
TUE — 5. юч лон methods аге | spot where the bed occurs. ML be taken to restore to the land all that pres 
resorted to for the to the land a Hie. үсе the table of all th wi from "os акса лали 
portion at least ofi its original: fertili ^ hates that I mi able to Sillast, had $ ше 
The first of these i esito; Un. ИЧА operations o | many of whi are doubtless Lesen Ad * Mr. Markham, in his Tre Pet dee, f IMP 
ploughing, harrowing, &c, by which we set free a|derived from rocks in this i country, especially t 086 | Chincha Islands in the Вау Si "697,965 tons bad been 
ot € 5 ^s ^ Ah nid bridge, and about Е in гүре чу чю ppm 184). Та that aeger ed 
t of $48,554 tons, 
"Judas ie EE arati fr the waes i it e phosphate of lime alone is insufficient to | Ык дд. во, taat at that rate tho storo of кш а 
sterile, and few rocks so destitute in epe of|maintain the fertility of land unimpaired for апу those Talands wil not 
fertilising ingredients, as not to contain enough for length of time, resort has lately been had io guano, у 
