1186 
campestris  rutabaga, or Swede Turnip, and not t the |A 
B. napus or Col 
THE GARDENERS! A AND сената GAZETTE. 
caking coal, t 
It is to be remarked. that although I 1 have known t 
- 
^ 
ez 
Б 9 
B 
SERE 
e 
or more 
early inere not hear ^ of a «ni case in| 
[Dzcxwxsrn 18, 1863, 
ы r floor, as ‚же шї gbt 
ET 
* have 
Boot ре ош ече larger quantities of the same 
se mpla ained of here are annually sown in Scotland. | 
D. pinim ond, Dublin, Dec. 3. 
| that i inner MM is broken up. 
Land drainage is the provision of a passage for the | 
rain water, along "with which the fertilising air has 
er 
hands. 
eteriorated. 
introduced ; and of V 
z 
Vetche лев, 
our 
sorts ав pore as any —I 
Tot eame bloss subsoil. And пача especially tillage by steam-power, 
RANCES. which does a floor, as horsepower e 
beneath the soil 5 tain bas KT that enlivening e 
follo: 
md Mme paper m ond. Du md зу җы ү eq mr "t Arta | ОЁ the poker d csal fire, which pu 
кес, John Өзу, late f Dileton, їп the tiair. -1 е dis- | suggests. Ех! anii p has a grea 
— tenen — сж әу, it — — ије week.]| with our increase 
C 9313. 
ot the obstacles by w it has been hi A 
3i scussion of the halpaa and ime эчене” | which it 
p of service to it in 
the por and i such a dis 
the Ыр а inn been 
poen ^ too — the 
statement too EN for one ра and the 
former part of it is хоне о чет p^ wee 
I have collec 
-] 
ber of the genere) 
о s nd agents of 
ех rond in g the 
country, all concurrent to the "feet de the agri- 
roduee of this co uch larger 
теч fertility of the 
e is increasing, and that both i in bread and meat of 
home produce we are really bett — than утте, 
чид Фаза that our im oat food have also 
| undov u 
p Mr. Bailey Denton 
timates that ve Eos ),000 acres have witk а the 
| past. 15 years been r-drai + i basi — of | 
these 
Deeper and better tillage di 
same result. The extension of autumnal иде "s is an 
bted fact; the enormously in ed of | 
implements of the grubber class ar her 
tion of a better 
length rewarded unconque 
Жм {о us» steam power "for "dila operations 
another А же fact, which, if it cannot За һе кезүү! in| 
ту nation of agricultural progress — due 
reae wm ably be looked back upon 10 yea 
as — mer. ag largely to the inereased үе 
which will then fall to be recorded. 
(2) Inthesecond р:асео 
been ow DE to the greater. richne 8 T homo nn 
1 ferti- 
manuri 
largely аі in o пе to supply our better fod and 
larger population. э this E i been well | 
illustrated, though not bett airia of | | 
definite instances "n improvem ve, нота: 
preferred the other plan "t putting the fact before y you, jar 
| lise rs, 
ася © 
са - c nitre, w 
ports 
ano since "чо have 
3» milione ot tons ; of 
ch 
p 
40, 000 tons pera annum. 
ndefinite, and even {һе almost o ейтен | 
sed from 30,000 t ,000 o: 
PAL these are manuring substan ces. 
5,000 to Ax 
# an experienced man is, after all, more trustworthy 
y. 
er informs me that 80, 
һап the precise figures which might be. given in an 
account of individual examples. In agricultural | 
r. Voe 
Suffolk and. Cambridgeshire оре lites, 
000 to; 
the dec 
oer I would Taber bave the round numbers of a 
i practical man tban 
particular 
If our Chairman can say that during his manage- 
ment - the Greenwich Hosp ital Estates 00,0007. 
has spent ia land i 
чч То 
оп ап 
20, of Sombrero phosphate are ce used in| 
CRM hate ише ure, which now ied 
1,000,007. per an 
f oileakes 
d 
manufacture, by which the Tene 
of home TT manure is in 
mou 
economy. 
бай дын ы to the | |food 
i H 
80, 000 
f ne 
m. | drew 
d one part o 
| probably better than. tei res his predecessors vas 
know 
(4) "We and the 
| question оѓ. sort váy a pi" p» to rg with our 
| improvement here. There are probably fewer acres 
+ ktla f, 
| there. ever hither to has been; and th ough, notwith. 
standing this I до not doubt that, owing to liberal 
and vigorous cultivation, we grow more tons о Бу 
than ever em ре) yet it is 
ed sorts of cattle, pe 
[vs pigs that we owe our 
ood. Our sheep are now pr for the аке at 14 
| шом old — our cattle at and 30 months, 
е 
= 
E. 
я 
ЗУ Беле. fol 
ousa! 
mean something Pike. 500 ewes іц 
Porn the 
and 500 sheep ready ' for tho market. 
+ 
ч 
at increase in ec: meat 
for the butcher ; and this grea 
witnessed as much 
this 
produce of a given head of cem. 
а pork and beef as it із in mutt 
All the important breeds of E 4 aud рі 
have improved and increased in numbers durin к 
рег riod. Mr. Strafford receives entries fo for bis Н 
EROS £4 m 1 n зле Ma $ 
ed. Messrs. года and esaer Davy Ee 
falling off in the — and Чу 9з Ше more 
local breeds of Herefords and Dev h Downs 
| general interes шрго 
reeds = swine. те pie attontion has a lately been 
r rat ther driven, to th t 7 isease is rife 
! mae K is sai reasing. Tt is 
ur evidence for the Өү of great agricul- 
кыйан кес. Шал, evil of. thinking, Жеймс 
wherever it € iue 
d giro? 
h will doubtedly pe а 
e greater rapidity of growth and the increased 
size of ourimproved Бокі вох well illustrated. by Mr 
Herbert's figures in n the * diss l Agric icultural Socie ety уз 
Јо 
ЕЕ 
urnal," 
5 | important improvement i in = is б [^ other 
“а 
SE 
et 
Б, 
=" 
Ку 
Е 
ч 
2E 
ё, 
4@ 
ЕЯ. 
8. 
33 
tribute to the memory of on 
iure has lately lost a ora 
en 
З ое is still suff 
sewage, due to the im buie ipte drainage of our 
to waste. On the bali 
however, there cannot be a doubt that the i increased 
un 
a 
Ё 
aH 
ATE 
5 
apii: 
zi 
Е 
n 
; 
Я 
is experience, 
manure and an increased grow 
part оі 
nir 
tis Ibelieve. the fact that there are more acres 
eglected. , And th 
— шалы п 
through out 
fertility 
p | 2nd tillage, but to the direct a ication of fertiliaing 
ts in a more liberal Уз economical mann 
Ut Leaving now the soil, we have the way in which i its 
creased fertility is ire ts expressed. 
„place it will A the whole be 
Бовар, апа 1 look apon reque mt pi a: 
interests of mer. 
Sda Дра Аааа f fa the NA z gree 
gd 
eic more 
‚ our tillage a 
wasted so much оп ipi Ve Qo ай 
Sant to — er is the f first fact, el believe it to be, 
under this head. 
ce of 
WESCE ТЫШ 
uve oM 
H 
Another is the prevalence of rotations of cro 
in — bare fall 
ows are diminished, and in which 
there is a larger acreage of the more -e crops. 
The prevent rotation of the coun 
grai 
any extent prevail, t efi 
m i duet. Landlord, tenant, labourer, anc 
mer are alike interested in the larger produc 
[ 
1 
1 
yen or 
la; land 4 to hich has hitherto grown 
aying lan m p w gro x 
t 
1 
J 
in which Wheat, Turnips, Жейу, апа 
| Clover оооу riga Геше the land dein Bl i| чэ 
pedes which I have са vede — - "€ 
achieved rather by the extension of go 
hanby thsinvention ofanymow prosess during t 
et there is enough 
1 1 pe 
7 ressi z of x it: and. yet etae А and = 
вой, оп which шау be and - cake, soot ап erm 
food for plants, and on which the roots of fifths instead of t -quarters of the ind урэ, nos 1 and compos (m 
plants may feed. The greater the тт of this | crops. a pomo ie ent land, too, is often sown | the principal methods of adding directly to fertility ; 
internal superficies to act as a laboratory, as a ware- | instead with Peas so that five-cighths i instead | aiá indirectly the same end was attaine d by the cult 
turage, f three-fifths evi in deu Again ye 
a given extent of land—then, 80 long as the fitness of| especially in Scotland, Potato culture does to s great Vetches and Turnips and x ten E "OT successively 
vith field. This “ double" culture 1ү0- 
ovg pian ts is preserved, dm more fertile is that | provides a great in catod oper ла as the perfection of arable cultivation, 
and with reference to those plani Bu d besides the' salpa n of e m rotations, we | 28 0 years ago. Hear Mr. Middleton, who edited 
In order to the creation of this inner surface а |have to report the improved cultivation of individual | the 200 E es Arthur Young's 24 
greater depth of soil is stirred, and clods аге com- ihe pp g y practice фе Bees numerous 
minuted. I dio a dE 3 кА ility гар Р EI growing grain eto = drill ns," ose minds are б 
inner surface land - The air and t nds, and as in ence ME as not to D adopt pt Фи S prnetioo, w кот c 
which then traverse soil and subsoil, instead of оше 5 "y mere rom becomes the y each deter- loprovd- ue t is known, rtainly con 
ging in them, uce substan to this mining ractice for himself—will be admitted by | complain of hard d bad od s S 
house and activity into this tory. most people as an example of this kind. Certainl do not succeed in = s n 
+ The air which rain-water thus draws through the soil | every опе will admit that the extension of drill|can they in ag „Ih 
as] it to th int — of Bes crops, the ex: deserve to be poor, but, whether they 
the fertility of the soil as it is to the heat of burning use of the | horse-hoe in vation of grain crops, not, their destiny is to be so." 
„coals. ае merely ulder until, by M tis жетер, 6 
erection [of а ove a t upwards | dressings and беле io кучен of all сго | th аео it is 
through the burning is air. | all illustrate the improvi eror ede a Le now in general seeks the increased 
= 
e aie 
