ГРсемвев 26, 1863.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 1235 
——————————————— Á— ootos aa with some knowledge of thé #00) m--———— ÁO AUUTTRURUG EU TUTUEEUUIEUETUDUUUESCINUSESUUTTETCONEOUEOETUE RE ra € раттан 
in ће | therefore I speak with some knowledge of the subject. о by steam cultivation eliminate from the soil itself the 
е Jer in the Census Office, for po ting t disadvantages arising from a number of farmers in а locality Á— С Шел ы the elements of fertility which we 
ou jo ining together for “Жо purpose of obtaining а machine have | риге deai по and in other manufactured 
e have also to thank Mr. RopERT DUKE, who | bee - L^ ду very truly, rial out. . 81 is obv т that а mamures Е ш a ren advoeate for the liberal application of 
1 would a ап! the machine а! e same time. ow | ever; escription of manure in its proper к 
was engage ed in the late Me fof supplying the that objection stands "good in in regard » à перыі of a eom: | the don of manure out om red — q^ e 
correct figures for 1851 w which those of the pany in any par articular As er, experienced | elements of fertility in the soil and for want of proper energy 
recen Census are alone ph para le. In 1851 | myself the very ereat b scale nA of [ede N к, MY turn | or for want of proper implements I neglect to get them out of 
fo 5 1 ad in Edi in order to have my land cultivated by steam. I have missed | the land, and ignore the advantages which steam will give me 
the NC 86 cotland were zs e up in lü- | the opportunity of doing it when ^ pont have been most | in working the land, Now this is a topie to which suficient 
еы ку. were made тр at Бошетве ө advantageous. Therefore, I think it is better for farmers v importance has not been attached by writers, and I w 
House ; have a complete apparatus of their wis uu ex PU A therefore very strongly to impress upon the present meeting 
an pegaga pan t 
of publication le > to the error which we now reca desirable for any any to undertake ploughing by bire. | steam cultivation an immense amount of fertilising matter. 
сотр: 
bypu өт e e accurate figures which Mr. DUKE | Mr. Holland pointed out to us tbe disadvantages of continuing | Few people have an idea of the enormous resources of some of the 
to employ the men for any length of time, the inability to | clay soils. sad i. ago I examined some clay soils in 
has sent to give them constant ployment. bris [ssh to oie th. ber ur ree » thoro vi I A os tii 
== | machines for hire. The crema pon that aveto make i t|and found that in on M soil t] was s! of the great 
iriure OP тна AGBIOULTURAL Отава, а company should be the purpose of supplying | element s ipn to supply our Wheat crops for 1500 years į 
Females. am арр а: dr m t which shall be paid for 0; we to go down абык inch and to h 
руч meum talments extending ove ertain number of years, on the | suficie t us th 500 years, sup notbing 
aeo us NETISWET rinciple of a rolling stock company. That, I believe, would urr i tho вой. № ntion this to show the 
а. IN FIELDS AND PASTURES. | 1861. 1851. | 1861. | 1851. | bo tne right principle to to gon n, but the thing would require enormous extent “ su я yot these are described as 
Proprie 4, Л ..| 16,181 17,047 | 15,635 | 18,968 - ur ' experience is that the steam r clays not fit to be taken in hand by the tenant farmer, 
Farmers ‚Ж i „. | 226,907 224,066 22,778 | 22,916 | power, ү ^ improvements which are made, f they w n» propery за аа and they eannot be properly 
Graziers S обр a x 2,449 Ў pei рота, ын во XAR any company formed to supply cultivated but by steam, they would yield for a succession of 
Farmers’ and QGraziers| .. 5 168,765 [164,618 farmers with stea! this system must be extremely band in large erops without XI the farmer to put hia 
Wives > эке, нине will v. nb m fnd that iin e amet a d into his BM posant qur D ing very argely i gu o and other 
Farmers Sons, Daughters| 92,3211 111,704 830 | 105,147 uan Stock upon ds w. m e next p ere are soi 
Farm Balifa — .. .. T 10,561 sci ^ unsaleable. E "the case df a rolling waggon the ES зонама ма ro to receive it—some of our bad 
Agricultural Labourers| 914,306 008,678 | 43,904 | 44,319 | waggons are kept px ч д by the persons who Eire. Tett, and clays. When rain falls the most valuable portion of manurë 
(out-door) they are useful as s for many years. In the course ofa | is washed out, the essence waste away, filtering tbrough the 
epherds 95,559 12,517 i es few years, unless vii bad gars security, these machines might | soil. Now, by proper таа улл e mechanical condition, and 
Farm servants (in-door) . 158, 401 189, 116 | 46,561 | 44,319 be thrown upon our hands and found to be of little or no use, | with it its fitness to receive the manure, may be very greatly 
d. 1 4,702 8,064 s PA I think this is а company tbat is likelv to stand, and the | improved. etna: we speak therefore of clay as poor iu the 
"х } Ее b reatest —— for its permanency wi! ill beto obtain — latter or former sense, in most cases steam cultivation will 
Agricultura students ї 490 104 xr d security v =; g use of the арі Now | effect such wo av as to: any of us. No doubt 
н 33 30 BN is it strikes n that that security is to be "a ne the | 20 years hence we shall know better what may be exp 
Wh -— s 25 59 ы t tenant farmer and 1а: зет аг. in ie ore due Let the company | from steam ea dati than we do at а Оне time. 
Teazle ,, 81 85 z pes supply the engines to the tenant far Mu а е ул Sir G. JEN The which I bave 
Agricultural Implement 236 50 i 5 | posed, the t farmer having Ws pay mount o 
Proprietors % о o pay 04 capital by ins ss ments, peer ce d to us is the | pd cti ical "адио "et this m peter f 
Agricultural Implement, 1,084 641 14| 12 | lord to furnish the any with a security by Жинге Ө of the | in fact, if I ті 80 spen ak, р‹ 
Makers land that куа ТК АНТЫ shall be paid. e е | « Will vou or won't you 3. 
service . DECR 11 "i .. |advantage — faet of tbis plan. ON e the D 
ОМОНа Жии Rich 91 16] HO tenant A talmenta, and consequently while the value | tO the entire gestion, whether it shall uoti or fi fal 
асно, od cal 73 116 44 12 die о FT and tackle may гейм the amount romaining he ground. With the view of showing shortly the 
minishes also, and the company's security is all the inci ; Compan. 
b. Іх Woops. ter. шне onseof the lenant refusing aftera few yearsto con- La rna : -— i y arrived at a ала P any, А 
Wood dude ..| 8,007 7,172 nue to pay for thè ap. e security would of course be | У rea that w © we propose he basis oí 
Others nom ^ 10 990 called upon to make deficiency. I think thatis a modein | our proceedings 3 r G. Jenkinson, then rad from the 
which MS security would be got for the Company, I do f ver 
c Ix G not at all think itis too much toask the landlordsto assent toit, | p, 1915, and conti ак. 
G ám 227 ..| телбо| 69,085 beca as much interest in the introduction of р. inued :— 
Nurserymen es « 2,838 2,850 e r p their land as the farmer. In the| Now, ре , I will shortly address {myself to the 
Water C аттай 3 55 89 тез achine been used which has т кія "x ed ' objeotion whioh exist іп my own know- 
Othe 2m = 1а ly let, I have it on the best authority that the number of edge to the use of steam т inery for the cultivation of the 
„= appl has been very great indeed, -|land.] I may say I know somethiug about i ause Ті 
"Тһе leading n Жай ег of in-do» T | sid most open quasi the farm.  Itissuggested to me | been concerned already with the Steam Plough Company in 
and out-door —— MÀ wo — and id that the puo ciple is of. very great importance to small farmers Gloucestershire, and although that did not succeed, I could 
at - ividin them into colum: deter- who form the greater part of Д community. The expense of | very easily show why it did not succeed, and why the positión 
mined у g ns, steam machinery to such pers is so 9 — 9 that a of this Company is quite distinct and different from that. The 
üges:— ате unable to obtain it in the 9 байтал, v y. Therefore I t ink | o qi: of that, Compan to hire out engines; the object of 
and seil them, not to be paid for 
Under 20 Years Old, лу 20 Years ota. 
Males. Females. Males. | ' Females. 
1861. | 1851. 1861. 1851. 1861. 1851. 1861. 1851. 1861. 1851. 
Out-door.... | 958,906 | 952,97 | 188,088 | 1 > “от | 705,818 | 704,980 | 33,702 | 31802 |been 
b анн A 0+ n " тө оов heard, 
Tn-door 161,902 * Я 94,950 | 101,508 | 20,718 51,706 63,442 87,008 25,843 47,450 die 
ects of 
Shepherds . 25,559 12,517 4,900 2,205 <$ T 20,059 10,252 - m 
That Pied 
Total .... | 1,145,720 | 1,258,786 | 288,842 | 287,612 30,920 61,163 809,419 | 822,699 59,605 ad the tenant farmar. The second is a question which I think a 
2 Ж od сн show "he landown c they are not for & 
: steam , namely the trouble or even expeuse 
The chief points which these figures indicate, on о the qme e of & р wem tn thai iden tho size and shape of their fields = fences, patis 
comparison of 1851 and 1861, км dimin ished | ёрат farmors сја Е pn he landlord eo that the esi | 7920949 аруа tbat MA landlord improves hin land t 
КЫБЫР of male proprieto the almost identical | farmers mi he аррага fatus in. extent that itis certaiu to be improv j^ mploying мае 
farming rm = byi узнала боп to year, will ma nd e draining сы land оран: the 5 i - 
num mber of tenant farmers and graziers, the large | ре of vory great benefit, and peur dedic nione land is so much enhanced that he will с" ене 
increase in the number of farm P iliffs, and the | pose it. mand a better à gà "ме of барабер me га with m - 
lar iapa diminished number of indoo r farm servants. e CHAIRMAN: The gentleman who seconds this infinite p better M CX ETC half ape] 
ast is, we presume, simply the continued ысыкы is no other Шап Dr. Voelcker. =» ы —M е ас t me everybody 
Кее of the tendenoy жыш has been in| Dr. VosLckEn: The менн FE Ou ИР бари дне orm Pis i — 
operation during many past d nial | periods, by said to be a slow race of m It is not for me to вау | it isa perds cO а ече forum rtp view which of for a 
whether they are slower A oe any igi d class of = e oed Н TES first уйш, amd if it did interfere c 
E: s гау] * n the increased food 
length become socially as distinet as in all other quemania. We pm pec дефиси, ve S e De A ;| tiat is w iheir меои мий течан: чарэн 
occupations where eapital is invested. aaps, one class is a little qu than the other, the (and. huni unting m € aay o iE I am one of those who 
quie is not always the surer. „Арт ulace qe n fitnt, and I say it is а great m ШЕЕ. Everybody knows that 
| class perhaps nobody will deny are Me but ji dc if ч land is well drained, got an ride over it with far 
| ness is a great recommendation to Бай, ft дем еф ере e ERE 4 cv. р the p ones Po Ў venis р 
А : e grou! тап 
n р „СОА not slow, they could not be attin ss ү they the € chief point of all, the oy d to the land in a drained 
Discussion at a in SL. Jam Hall. | are T as they are в Абе = лер E. some length фарро tate — nfin шу y less when — heavy — 
P state ЛИ ere а ри oot vtm X^ water. I wil 
gs 9. The Hia folowing iwa isa тери of e Miren of | to а кең of че i паразу і is agp supplying capital MUS ЖУМЫ мо Wie т ca rig grege o 
Fa -— ucestershire; | for pl ur т. voe А there Ltd ые. many rore practical mem here. А 
Sir G. podes dy ine Eastwood House, Berkeley; | =“ In seconding the py I feel I am somewhat out of | great deal has been said both on'the tenant's side and the land- 
and E rcc) gem pee = the Ro Á place in speaking of such a purely pra am atter as а | lord'sside. We have heard a great deal as tothis Company paying 
scientific man. 1 will, therefore not say а anything more on | or not paying, we have heard a great deal of advocaey "P 
(n ^ t f E — A portion of the that subject, but point out one or two matters to your oints of interest; but, gentlemen, I think, viewing it from 
Mr. 8 didis. 2 rantham, is also | attention which occur to my own mind. All the advantages | landlord's point of view, which is the one I am now taki 
of steam cultivation have not in my ор! been sufficiently there is a Digher grousd ot. argument which ] I hope 
1 1 prominently tforward, Forinstance, it ; ы to will. н this country 
that by steam cultivation we can д à 
without manure, th 
pego vepres 7 реа о гай in all matters 
he cos y instalm. се „Ао unless the land isin | not only of the 
number of years on the наан of а rolling stock | а condition to receive it. These аге two pointa of depen 
company." 
Н 
We have heard from previous speakers the immense |tion, and it would be well to inquire what сап be the 
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