CONTENTS, 25 
GEOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR. 
CHAPTER ХШ. 
Water Lines.—Eastern and Western Slopes.—Mountain Ranges.—Navigability of the Upper 
Mississippi.icRed River of the North.—Country West of the Shyenne to Mouth of Yellow- 
stone.— Missouri and its Tributaries. 
General Remarks on the Route near the Forty-seventh and Forty-ninth Parallels.— Water Lines on Eastern Slope : The Mis- 
souri; the Yellowstone; the Saskatchawan; the Peace River; the Red River of the North.—On the Western 
Slope: The Columbia; the Snake and Fraser's River.—Importance of the Great Lakes.—-Mountain ranges dividing the 
tributaries of the Columbia and Missouri: The Rocky, Bitter Root, Cœur d'Aléne, and Kootenay Mountains; the Cas- 
cade Mountains.—Navigability of the Upper Mississippi.—Falls of St. Anthony.—Sauk Rapids.— Western branches of 
the Mississippi: Crow Wing River, Sandy Lake, and Pakegon Falls.—The Lakes between Mississippi and Red Rivers. — 
Eastern branches of Mississippi : Rum River; the St. Croix ; the Minnesota.— Water Line between Fort William, 
on Lake Superior, and Lake Winnepeg.— Advantages of Minnesota for railroad and water communication ; 
abundance of timber ; fertility. —Red River of the North.—Its tributaries: the Shyenne; Wild Rice River; Bois de 
Sioux River.— The Cóteau des Prairies Plateau.—Dead Colt Hillock.—The region of the Bois de Sioux, the Shyenne and 
the Red River of the North.—The country west of the Shyenne to the mouth of the Yellowstone ; the Cóteau du Mis- 
воші; Miniwakan Lake.—Salt Lakes.— Mouse River and its valley.—The western part of the Céteau.—Mouth of the 
Yellowstone.— Missouri River.—Its origin.—Gate of the Mountains.—The Great Falls.—Fort Benton.—Characteristics 
of the river.—Its tributaries on the north and west shore.—The Big Muddy River.—Milk River.—The Bear's Paw.— 
Little Rocky Mountains.—Marias River and its valley.—The Teton.—Sun River.—Dearborn River.—Little Prickly Pear 
Creek.—The Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin Forks.—Its tributaries on the south shore.—Muscle Shell River.—Judith 
River —Arrow River.—Shonkin River.—Highwood River.—Belt Mountain Creeks.—Smith’s River.—Landmarks: High- 
wood, Girdle, and Judith Mountains.—Buttes.—Soil of the Plateau.—Prairies at the Three Forks. 
CHAPTER XIV. 
The Mountains west of Fort Benton.—The Rocky Mountains.—Bitter Root River.—Clark’s 
Fork.—The Passes. —The Columbia River, its tributaries and Valley.— Cascade Mountains.— 
The Rivers and Islands of the Sound. 
The Mountains West of Fort Benton.—The Black Hills.—The rise between Fort Benton and Fort Union.—Observation on 
the climate and soil.—The Rocky Mountains.—Lewis and Clark's description.—The Soil.—Meteorological Observations.— 
The Kamas Prairies on the Kooskooskia.—The Western Backbone.—The Eastern Backbone.—The country between 
them.—The Water Lines.—The Bitter Root River near Big Hole Prairie.—Junction of the Hell-Gate and the Blackfoot.— 
Hell-Gate River and the Little Blackfoot Valley.—Deer Lodge Prairie and the Boiling Springs.—Tributaries of the Bitter 
Root below Hell-Gate.—Flint Creek Valley.—Clark’s Fork.—Flathead Lake.—Tributaries above and below the Lake.— 
Navigation of the River.—Soil of the Valley.—The Kootenay.—The Passes between the Missouri and the Columbia : 
Big Hole Pass.—Ross's Hole.—Hell-Gate Pass.— The Southern and Northern Little Blackfoot —Cadotte’s Pass.—Lewis and 
Clark’s Pass.—The Marias Pass.—The Passes to the Great Plain of the Columbia : The Southern and Northern Nez Percés’ 
"n A £ 4 “Tha С bia The course 
Trails —Cœur d' Alê Are The cour 
of the Columbia.—lIts Navigability.—Obstructions.—Tributaries on the Eastern Shore, Snake, Spokane, Kooskooskia, 
Salmon, Walla-Walla Rivers and their valleys.—The Cœur d'Aléne.—Character of the Country.—Minerals at the 
Kootenay.—The Blue Mountains and the Tributaries of the Walla-Walla.—Lakes Pend d'Oreilles and Rootham.—Tribu- 
taries on the Western Shore of the Columbia: The Yakima.— The Pisquouse.— False reports concerning this region.— 
Agriculture of the Yakima District.—Tributaries of the Columbia from the South : The Umatilla —Willow Creek.— 
Butter Creek.—John Day's River.—Des Chutes River.—Cascade Mountains.—Their distance from the Coast.—The 
Peninsula between Puget Sound and the Coast.—Shoalwater Bay.—Gray's Harbor.—Chehalis River.—Willopah River.— 
The Qui-naiutl.—The Cowlitz.—The Des Chutes.—The Nisqually.—The Snohomi 1 the Snoqualmoo Falls.—The Sto- 
lu-kwha-mish.—The Dwamish.—The Nachess.—Trails at Lake Kitchelus.—The Nachess and Snoqualmoo Passes. —The 
Skagit —Character of other Rivers.—The Northern Boundary Line.—Quality of the land. : 
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