CHAPTER IX. 
TRIPS OF LIEUTENANTS MULLAN AND GROVER, AND OF MR. DOTY. 
LIEUTENANT MULLAN's TRIP.—ASCENDS THE BITTER ROOT TO ITS souRcE.—QuANTITY OF SNOW.—CnRossES DIVIDING Ripag.— RETURNS 
TO CANTONMENT Stevens.—Reacues Fort HALL.—DESCRIPTION or BITTER Воот VALLEY.—DELIGHTFUL CLIMATE.—REACHES Ross 
Hore Pratriz.—Ascenns Bie Ноге MovuNTAIN.—STRIKES A BRANCH OF WISDOM RivER.—CnossEs Bie HOLE PRAIRIE.—CROSSES 
AGAIN THE Rocky MOUNTAINS.—MOUNTAIN Sueep.—Mepicine LODGE Creex.—Kamas PRAIRIE Creex.—Marxet LAKE.— 
DESCENDS SNAKE River.—ARRIVES АТ Your HALL.—STARTS NORTHWARD.—FoLLows Hiem Bank Свккк.—Нооккр МАХЗ 
Сввкк.—УАшЕҮ or JEFFERSON'S FoRk,—FAvoRITE INDIAN HUNTING GROUND.—RBACHES AGAIN WISDOM River.—Its VALLEY.— 
DEER Lopes.—Fottows THE HELL-GATE.—ÜeNicAL Mcunp.—Hor SPRINGS.—REACHES Forr OwEN.—LiEUTENANT GRovER’s 
TRIP.—LzAvES Fort BENTON.—GnEAT FALLS оғ THE Missourt—Svurveys THE MISSOURI то THE MOUTH оғ MILK River.—BLurrs 
р. 
MISSOURI FROM FORTTBENTON то LEAVENWORTH.—LIEUTENANT Grover LEAVES Fort BENTON.—REACHES CADOTTE’S Pass.— 
Crosses Divipine RIDGE. EDS DOWN Bie ВьАСКЕООТ River.—Passes HELL-GATE Derite.—Leaves Fort OwkN.—PEND 
70 AND Caur D'ALÉNE Lakes —Arrives Ат WALLA-WALLA.—GOVERNOR STEVENS LEAVES FOR W ASHINGTON,.— 
Lis NT MULLAN STARTS FROM CANTONMENT STEVENS FOR Fort Вехтом.--СвовзЕз THE MISSOURI ON THE ICE.—REACHES FORT 
Benton.—Fottows THE ROUTE To Sun RivkR.—VaLLEY or THE LITTLE PRICKLY Pear ÜREEK.—ÜROSSES THE MOUNTAINS.— 
THE VALLEYS OF THE LITTLE BLACKFOOT AND THE HrLL-GATE.—REACHES CANTONMENT STEVENS.—REMA ғ Mr. D 
о SAME ROUTE.—GOVERNOR STEVENS LEAVES New Үовк.--БЕлснЕв OLYMPIA.—MEETS LIEUTENANT MULLAN AND MR 
DorY.—HIGGINS SENT FROM THE DALLES то CANTONMENT STEVENS.—SUMMARY ОҒ LIEUTENANT MuLLAN's AND Mr. Dory’s LABORS.— 
LIEUTENANT MULLAN EXPLORES FLATHEAD River AND CLARK'S Fork—Kamas РвлімЕ.-Нот SPRING CREEK.—FLATHEAD 
Lake.—Crosses MAPLE River.—Kovrenay AND TOBACCO Rivers.—ASCENDS THE LATTER TO ITS SOURCE.—FALLS OF TOBACCO 
RIVER. HEADWATERS or Hor SPRING CREEK —Enters AGAIN Kamas PRAIRIE.—ARRIVES AT CANTONMENT STEVENS.—LEAVES 
AGAIN Виттев Root Vattey.—Lov-Lov Forx—Hor SPRING, 132°.—Fottows THE ROUTE PURSUED BY LEWIS AND CLARK IN 
1805.—Ko08KO008KIA River.— THE GREAT PLAIN OF THE COLUMBIA.—REACHES SNAKE RivER.—ALPAHWAH CREEK.— 
CROSSES BRANCHES OF THE TUKANON AND Tovucnet.—Merts Мв, Dory AT WALLA-WALLA.— REACHES THE DALLES, WHERE HIS 
PARTY IS DISCHARGED —IMPORTANCE OF THE кавове RENDERED BY UN MULLAN AND HIS PARTY.—INCIDENTS CONNECTED 
WITH HIS POST IN THE BITTER Воот VALLEY. BUILDINGS. н THE INDIANS.—THEIR 
REGRET АТ HIS DEPARTURE.— GREAT PRIVATIONS ENDURED BY HIS PARTY.—V ALUABLE CONTRIBUTIONS FURNISHED BY LIEUTENANT 
MULLAN TO THE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE OF THE COUNTRY 
I had not mentioned in the proper place that when I parted with Garry, the Spokane chief, 
at Vancouver (for he was also the guest there of Colonel Bonneville) I made arrangements for 
him to express letters to Lieutenant Mullan, at Fort Owen, and in return to bring me news of 
the operations of his party; and again, in January, I also despatched Higgins, who had been 
our wagon and pack master, with an express to the same point. I had another object in pushing 
forward those expresses, which was to determine the depth of snow, from time to time, through 
the winter along the line of Clark's Fork, and thence to Cantonment Stevens, in the Bitter 
Root valley. On the 6th of March Garry reached Olympia, with Lieutenant Mullan's report of 
his trip to the waters of the Missouri in October and November, and of his trip to Fort Hall 
and back in November and January. "These trips caused him and his little party to travel over 
990 miles, and to cross the divide of the Rocky mountains six times—three crossings having 
been made in the month of December and one in the month of January. 
LIEUTENANT MULLAN’S EXPLORATIONS SOUTH OF THE BLACKFOOT RIVER. 
The country south of the Blackfoot river, and between the Rocky mountains and Bitter Root 
river, was thoroughly explored by Lieutenant Mullan in 1853 and 1854. In the latter part of 
October he ascended the Bitter Root to its sources, and crossed the dividing ridge to Wisdom 
and Jefferson rivers; and, returning to Cantonment Stevens, he again travelled over the same 
route between the 28th of November and 13th of December, when he reached Fort Hall, on 
