CHAPTER X. 
SUMMARY OF EXPLORATIONS MADE BY MR. DOTY AND LIEUTENANT ARNOLD. 
Mn. Dory Leaves Fort Benton.—Great FALLS or THE Missour.—Sun River.—Tue RaTTLERS.—FOLLOWS THE COURSE or ELK 
VER.— HEADWATERS OF THE TETON.—Kaytyou, OR SOUTHERN BRANCH or Mantas RIYER.—CUT Bank Rrvgn. —HEADWATERS ОР 
MILK River.—Cuer MOUNTAIN Lakg.—Bow LAKE.—BOTH LAKES FILLED WITH BEAVER.—ABUNDANCE OF GAME.—MoO-KA-UN 
Rivgg.— REACHES LATITUDE 49° 30'.—RETRACES HIS ROUTE TO Marras River.—Movss TOWARDS Fort BENTON THROUGH TETON 
VaLtzy.—Woman’s Breast Ніи,--АввіуЕз at Fort Benron.—Generat REsuLTS.—Mmg. Dory’s TRIP TO THE BITTER 
Vattey.—Lewis AND Сгавкв Pass—Fot.tows Governor Srevens’s TRAIL TO Fort Owen.—Crosses THE Bic BLACKFOOT 
River.—Reacuss CANTONMENT SrEYVENS.—FoLLOWsS THE HELL-GaTE AND LITTLE BLACKFOOT VALLEYS —ARRIVES at Fort 
BENTON.—STARTS DOWN THE RIVER TO MEET THE Company 8 BOATS:—RETURNS TO Fort Benton.—Is DIRECTED TO PROCEED TO 
OLYMPIA,.—PURSUES HIS TRAIL OF 1853.—Cnosses THE Cœur ALÉNE River —Cavr DALÊNE LAKE,—-PELUSE River.— 
Burre.—Reacues WALLA-WALLA.—OCRosskS THE COLUMBIA.—ARRIVES AT OLYMPIA.— Mn. Doty’s REPORTS CONCERNING THE 
BLACKFEET Inprans.—Loss or METEOROLOGICAL “Буз YATIONS.—NO HOPES FOR THEIR RECOVERY.—GOVERNOR STEVENS RECOM- 
MENDS TO THE WAR DEPARTMENT AN INSTRUMENTAL SURVEY OF THE SNoQUALMoO Pass,—Hts LABORS As INDIAN COMMISSIONER 
AMONG THE INDIANS WEST OF THE CASCADES.—Mn. DOTY MAKES TO HOLD COUNCILS WITH THOSE [NDIANS.—GOVERNOR 
STEVENS Joixs Mr. Dory AT CAMP STEVENS ох MILL Carex.—Generat CONCLUDING REMARKS оғ GOVERNOR STEVENS.— А ВЗТААСТ 
or LIEUTENANT ARNOLD'S REPORT то THE War DrPAnTMENT.—His IrtNERARY.— CoxPLETES THE MILITARY ROAD ACROSS THE 
MOUNTAINS.—STEILACOOM,—NiIsQUALLY PLAINS.—PUYALLUP River.—S’xamisn Rrver.—Mop Могитлім.--бикем River.—Prak 
unt I 
FROM ITS SUMMIT.—NACHESS Rrver.—Wenass VALLEY.—Y AKIMA Гува, W ALLA- W ALLA.— 
TABLE or DISTANCES BY THE ODOMETER, FROM WALLA-WALLA TO SEILACOOM, BY LIEUTENANT ARNOLD. —Foor TRAIL FROM LAKE 
KiTCHELUS TO THE HEAD OF SNOQUALMOO.— CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY.— WHOLE AREA OF THE CASCADE RANGE. 
Mr. Doty left Fort Benton on May 10, 1854, and travelled up the Missouri near its banks to 
the Great Falls.—(See sketch.) Не crossed a number of deep ravines, and finally coming to 
some that were impassable, was compelled to go around them. They are narrow, one hundred 
and fifty to three hundred feet deep, with a steep descent to within fifty feet of the bottom, and 
for the remaining distance perpendicular walls of red sandstone. А similar cliff occurred on 
the Missouri, at the falls. Above the falls the banks are low, the soil a light, sandy loam, of 
considerable fertility, and bears a luxuriant crop of grass. The timber is poor, consisting 
of smail cottonwood. willow, birch, and box-alder. 
Sun river at its mouth was then one hundred and seventy-five pes wide, deep, and with a 
strong current, differing from the other branches of the Missouri lower down in having a broad 
valley, bounded by hills of easy slope. From the abundance of rain at that season the 
travelling was very bad in the valley, but he found a good road on the hills. 
About thirty miles from its mouth are Crown Butte and the Big Knees, lofty flat-topped 
buttes, called by the Indians the Rattlers, and prominent as landmarks, indicating the position 
of Lewis and Clark's, and Cadotte's or Blackfoot Passes, as they can be seen from the Highwood 
mountains, sixty miles distant. Twenty miles further, cliffs come so close to the river as to 
compel an ascent to the table-land, which he followed parallel to the course of its north fork 
or Elk river for about twenty-five miles further. Here the face of the country clearly indicates 
the approach to a great mountain range. Huge fragments of granite, limestone, and sandstone 
are scattered over the plain. ‘Out-croppings of sandstone and limestone were noticed with 
nearly a vertical dip and running north and south. Scattering scrub pines also begin to occur 
large enough for railroad ties. Still higher up the river beautiful valleys continued, sometimes 
