CHAPTER XV. 
HYDROGRAPHY OF THE COASTS = D pape eto WATERS OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY, PREPARED BY DR. J. 
KOHL, UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY. 
d Remarxs.—Movnt OrvwPvs.—SHoALWATER Bay.—Gray’s HanBoR.—PorxT GneNvILLE.— DESTRUCTION ISLAND.— 
Y Коскв.—САРЕ FnATTERY.—Dk Fuca's SrRArT.—[Irs GENERAL HisronY.—lrs SOUTHERN SHORE. —Nxran HARBOR.— 
а раганда Bay.—New Юохекхеѕз BAv.— ҮҮ ASHINGTON Harsor.—Port DISCOVERY.—ÅDMIRALTY Іміжт.--Ровт Town- 
вехр.—Олк Bay.—Port Luptow.—Suquamish HkAp.— Hoop's Canat.—Danap INLEBT.— USELESS Bay.—Sxaeit Heap.— 
Vasnon’s ISLAND.—PUGET Sounp.—Nisquatty RIVER.— MOUNT RAINIER.— WHIDBY’S Istanp.—Possession ISLAND.—DECEPTION 
PassaGE.—GENERAL VIEW or THE DE Haro AROHIPELAGO.—CANAL DE Наво.--Ов Haro ARCHIPELAGO.—SAN JUAN ISLAND.— 
HENRY ISLAND.—OROAS IspAND.—W ALDRON Istanp.—Sxip Тсак AND FREEMANN'S Istanp.—Svcta GROUP.—PATOS ISLAND.— 
Maria GROUP.—BARNES'S ISLAND.—OLARK’S ISLAND.—THE SISTERS.—LOPEZ ISLAND —DECATUR, BLAKELY, Ёоозт, OBSTRUOTION, 
AND SHAWS ISLANDS.—ONTARIO ROADS FROLIC Srearr aes recone Carscenr.- —Rosario Srrarr, —Fipateo шах». — 
Burrow’s AND ALLEN ISLANDS.—PADILLA Bay. 
Үквкроуі ISLAND.—BELLINGHAM Bay.—Pornt Franois—Eusa’s Istanp.—Lummi ISLAND.—HALE'S Passagg.—Dg Lara’s 
GULF.—GULF or GEORGIA.—BIRCH Bay.—Peninsuta or ROBERTS'S Pornt,—Fraser’s River.—Movnt BAKER 
In the year 1853 that portion of the northwest territory of the United States bounded by the 
Columbia river on the south, the Pacific ocean оп the west, the Straits of Juan de Fuca and the 
49th parallel on the north, and the Rocky mountains on the east, was organized as a separate 
territory under the name of Washington Territory, and its limits defined and established. 
The west region, now comprised under the name of Oregon and Washington Territories, was 
formerly known under the several names of California, New Albian, Canada, and Missouri Ter- 
ritory. It was designated by Vancouver New Georgia.—(See Vancouver, volume 1, page 
289.) He says what he intended to call New Georgia should extend as far south as latitude 
45°, and northward to the Gulf of Georgia. North of the mouth of the Columbiariver the sea- 
coast changes its outlines and configuration as well as its general direction, and presents а dif- 
ferent aspect from that south of the Columbia. It recedes gradually to the northward for about 
130 nautical miles, assuming finally, near Cape Flattery, a northwest direction. 
Cape Flattery is the most westwardly point of American territory, and the general coast line 
is here broken by the broad Strait of Juan de Fuca, which enters the continent in an eastwardly 
direction. 
This section of the northwest coast between the Columbia river and the Straits of Juan de 
Fuca may be subdivided as regards general features at Point Grenville. South of this point 
the coast is sandy and low, and marked by shallow bays or lagoons. North of Point Grenville 
the coast is more elevated and rocky, and taends more gradually to the westward. These 
changes in the margin of the coast are the consequences of corresponding changes in the 
interior of the country. 
The southern coast ranges of mountains terminate south of the Columbia river; then comes 
a broad, low country, through which the Columbia enters the sea, and in which are found Shoal- 
water bay, Gray’s harbor, &c., and to the northward rises again a group of mountains Ф small 
extent, comparatively, and of which Mount Olympus is the most elevated peak, and which may 
