CC LEEOESSS/S: 
3,—1845.] THE ss Sh GAZETTE. 
common plough and spade—on a small farm, with the | Skilling’ 8 drains, at such a 
45 
more)—when I heard many of you say that you 
rosy © 
| owe far 
T : The company then dra ot «The ach of ae Hon paid your pace id your milk and butter alone—when F 
it t will find its way i rust mepa ter y Mary Hewitt, and suc to | saw your s g homesteads, your chubby children, 
A Heat fy = 
aes d ep. ae 
zt tle re in i 
rtion proportion to quality 
ti if at any time wetness appears in any part of the field, run | aria in their 9 thood.’ “Jand circumstances than simi) pe land in caglnd- zaiok 
i a drain or two through it, you have always your main- ee after some prelimina ary remarks | I 
bebia receivers.” This, sir, is what t I call draining | said— Gentlem n, I have et m 
in a moderate way, or beginning to drain: this mode is | bo g reclaiming, this being the eighth year since I began 
j pedofilo, a and can mba mia, it will coax them into upon a very wild and unproductive tract in the county al this applies to the class Ehei to the English 
l the ape m. Ifo they c n be induced to clean out | Donegal. The mode Ih have pursued is t he 
) 
t 
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y apprenticeship to the results of the i y othi ies ga 
run main- drai ins, the be aiei re- | zah ne one Bigs in many other places, viz.—cutting | not but feel eaten that the strength of the country, 
suliting wilt teach ‘the stupid the importan ian e upper part = athe ny to be | the wealth of the landlord, and, aboy 
benefit of going further. Nor is this a wila theory, it i is fate dividing v into fields of 4 S, by open |of t 8) 
a system I ha ive adopted and carr ied out successfully on | drains, and running parallel + gy drains toast the farms, with enlightened, industrious farmer anger 
one of He in. whole, about 15 feet apar rt, 3,0 e fee ruinous as w the 
The CHAIRMAN here state that Mr. Skilling, is fi with a s 
speaking of his mode of draining, alluded chiefly to car- | clay is nea 
rying off under-water from pprngs in the land, which laying the 
no 
o be when the farmers are ignorant and 
r te surface ; 3 ac where the eva i is een U lazy, and the Tendiord and agent careless or a8 aspi ing. I 
, the 
th thu s leaving a | educatio on, v 
rather ot than a draining-tile. | system a rming, il go far to prevent the ‘division of 
my experience so far is this—that where | the land fs too small farms ; it will 
was, that i w to a:i ow at to p completely | to a certain point; it will do more, it will give e you a 
1 jects, and carried off bot under and upper water. For ized with the clay subsoil, a loa y be formed vary- | fixity of teny ure in 99 cases in 100, u batter, than any de- 
7 his | part, he consider ed that in all clay soils no other | in login quality with the quality of hon rer Boe pepa ever ry | pe nding g on ti 
aoa Mr. Smith’s, could per hy case aay I ha ave seen ite Sot ted for any kind of crop. E 
accomplish os objec Where the bog is sai eep, I e not ai op that the 
The ar Grili across the slope then came under cultivation of the cereal crops 
irite reason that m 
Mr. 
at is 
I do be- 
lesa that ‘hey pence and prosperity of Ireland will spring 
v pay, from amelioration of the condition of the 
0 ost of their rohetitacat part are Thar: to agricultural Population, as her turbulence and 
r0 Poutarp, who had obtained the Royal Irish | be found ae pure bog, an nly b i 
p Agricultural Improvement Society! 8 medal for dra raining, | repeated anā expensive manurings. But b 
iu . Blacker’s me it an- | th a 
i 
st learni are 
etting before the poopie spelen) instru uctions, and 
2e pol ethe i ting of cherish. . 
e once have e 
nine, and n fed on Turnips in | were, ‘oe Sain with tag and lime, and laying d AS peac 
j inai they gave as much milk as in summer. e had | perennial Grasses, the dee epest bog may be pe and poder hy in this poll Eng capital will flow in 
at i excellent eire wW, especially if, as is ema 3 soopaa ast ‘natural resources, and you will have 
c i made into water meadows. an incre sr fort and prosperity, which can spring 
of this desripti on, the | from no Tegislative enactments, but from the increased 
mg intended to drain 6 acres more this o according ae T pa chIh ver been able to fathom—which, | employment and raised condition of the eople. Gen- 
ethod. S ago, was mot w orth 6d, an ery and on tlemen, fhe opinions I have stated, I am stating the 
r. SIMPSON Of Killen, said—For years I made all which ie was able to cart manure this winter. It is | cas a r 3 and if, as I 
my sewers a: 8 cross- drains, and a lea ading sewer to convey wort rthy of note that es u the best perennial Grasses | tkey find a response in your heart, you will join with me 
the water to the ditch. After puttin viz., Cocks-foot, Timothy, and White Clover, are | in heartily drinking the health of a gentleman who has 
sleep to each other as I oniar necessary, I always peonliarig gait d to reclaimed bog. Gentlem men, this Lis done more for the solid happiness of Irishmen than 
ound. at seed-ti 
t ot 
| ke had 13 acres of Potatoes now, and 4 acres of Tur rnips. | myself have exellent pasa 
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j the land Ser go than |a matter of considerable importance to a untry 
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others. Hearing you, sir, state your vie OF Bid) op Ireland, sta in unreclaimed bogs ; for by this ay you the health of Mr. Bla 
draining, ol nd farrow-d a sih ave been able to locate above 20 families, | Mr. BLACKER, in reply, ar: ws Caa en, ‘i resent 
fully answered my expec ctations of arying i it = th qe g perhaps of 100 or 120 souls, in allotm mesia one I believe, aware that Lord Gosford’s wish is, to ren- 
perfect manner, all perfectly npo which; by industr ry. and perseverance, ed r these meetin pes practically apak and that each 
dry alike, and the grain ripened all at thes sche time. I/ gradually improve their ‘ove speakers Should confine himself a uch a as possible to 
can say RUR P pet confidence. that fur on -dr raining is the soil, rap ultimately attain to comfort and independ- less interestin 
superior ains i h 
r 
p g ence. t present no family is without one w, and giy way calculated to afford u useful in- 
e aira made against the Tarnip € mop, I can only say | some of them two and three; but this, "aoe it may | struct ion. ie Some present. I shall therefore merely 
T have found se psa from ng Tarnips, so much | be interesting in a national point of view, does not so thank you all, which I do very siacerely, for the com 
80, that I can bes ave as many Potatoes planted now as w when much come home to the tillers of the strong clay of this | pliment just paid me, and shall proceed to advert to that 
: nips, besides ira great benefit of g Will you, therefore, aliow me to say a | success which has før so r ttended the undertaking, 
subject more i poet with | to promote which these meetings were originally 
` T have ha ast which I blishe 
JAT of both the I cur the new ata ms of desiniog, be allowed to propose. It i tbat I am well ac-| We must postpone the rest of the Report till next week 
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a ounties o nd. I confess it is| Report of ga ae appointe the Fi 
ous would lift the spring from 20 to 30 feet, but it did | to me the greatest pleasure leaving the wretched cabins,| entered e Prize and paese ang Pherae: wy 
not lift it nae than Se 8 to 10 feet. Finding the land Beg naked children, the ill-tilled land of the eee I| the Yo e aea Agricultural Society, 1844, 
not dried, hen opaa Sr hele Saha and | have mentioned, which I hope is beginning to improve, | We continue 
-Tunning the saa tieit e formerly cut across, bet ig copie are crowded ies ether i in, for the pie “ William Heddon has bp fr the Howefield farnz, 
the hig = te a large quantity “ot water had lodged in l farms, on asm i f Ba Hanes ‘or 2 ears. This farm 
: re m ad t 
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ery sma 
e new s ind dtathod toa sete e extent of m able, 
that are not in the old. In the first place, less and the comfortable dwe! atiae, the. vata? wid the | all of which, with the exception oe. about 30 acres, isa 
anure will do, and the ground is sooner ready for tie eala aona of English farmers, all of |-fine Tu urnip- -soil. The four-course system is adopted, 
e seed ; for after heavy rains, when he cross-drained | a holding from 100 to 400 acres of land, and many | and the cropping is generally pursued in the follow 
land would no o $ i » Barley, or someti 
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o will bring the furrow-drained land i dh in society in this country. And I confess, when I |in the spring; 3d, Seeds, Clover, or Beans; 4th 
Reed state for ones tion. We also sealed | compared this picture with the wretched hari seen Kaai except when it: happens that Wheat has been 
our drained lan I consider it renders t sys- | among the small aan be FEWE Ia n after Turnips; in that case, Barley or Oats are 
Aran of draining £ ial more advanta ageous. Eea no doubt | the conclusion that it w he duty o of 4 irish Tanded | generally substituted. 
uperior oth as potas a productiveness of the} “The manures used by Mr. Heddon are, fold-yard 
r alasi a few years, fully noy the expen country, | his own interests, and ultima te ely, the = ood of | manure, bones, rape-dust, lime, lime and a mixed, 
Mr. Soot Midt have observe ii 5 furrow ashes and night-soil from Ripon, =< of late a little 
& causes an entire ching in the nature and colour | | small farms into a few larg e ones. But ther guano. The poe of Wheat so er r 
; aud that was stiff and weighty | n the English agricul: e egne of which 10 to 12 pecks ; of Barley 11 pecks ; pap te 4 to 5 bushels 
k and friable by te furrow-drained. Itis super a here Faw Ý ut li tis; viz. a ural labourer ; | of Oats; “and a 10 to 11 pecks of Beans; from | 
every other method, inasmuch as it dries the lend snd when I look to Pa sopas on pii a is ick to 14 lbs. of Clover for mowing, with half a peck of 
i ne more r hanged. Now; as i many labourers to a| Rye-grass. The seeds for pasture consist of 7 lbs. white 
ipe spots through the crop, as is the | few farmers, this a ae: the least important con- tte ashe ‘with st Ss of “Tre foil, e sens Cow- 
- The crop will also be more eos pu S as the lot = bie English | grass, a pec Italian Rye» 
i I not of thos o SE rass 
ainiog. I am of opinion that from 18 to al DA s land attached to their dwellin The draining upon this farm has, of late years, been 
Proper distance that the drains should be | for that I look on as the adoption of the small- farm | more to relieve o me - ca ns, by 
F x e it 
an was fou > 
weighty, and has a clay bottom, I think it | under r presen nt ciraos ieai England. But the Eng- | than any extensive new meri e but the strong land 
tter to drain at a distance of 36 feet, and | lish “te ce in general depends solely on his labours. | part of the farm, Meine d not been previous’ draine ; 
i d ot of ld, | He has sons and daughters to work in their turn, if work | has of late been laid with drains 30 ihe deep, ata 
e or four years there might be a drain run | can. be found for them, or if not, to be supported by the | distance of eight yards from each other. The draining, 
e i o h he one s the m — 
f th y 
00 heavily coated at once with the ose | day, and har d- wo orkin ng as the team he dri , he „can | done ou the = cost of 
r i A 
k ot speedily o 
at the first crop alter draining should be Pe | of another nieces t last, in most yn ee | early. p. 
orn il and subsoil will be cruel pre of large eon and the demoralisingp prin- | cattle i i as spring, and ear b 
Sa woul ay tar ofany other | ciple of the poor laws, he dies in want in the work-| of the others are drawn for t 
n, I may stat nviction, that | bouse. This result to the largest class of the serio! the remainder of them 
y a farer i in ps iy and subsoiling g will tu ral Se Rpg ied loss of their inde- aspina 
e ean- 
uperior crops th 
te eed, serete with a handsome per A i 
y this, and het injury to pases aioe ee t all— 
„ia pe to va sw by red me as to the soundness of the large farm sys- 
ad said, that | he had drai a field of heavy | tem ea And when, for observed 
+e ahs : Š = much; and wes the farm AS tkose of Lord Gosfo rd’s tenants who a hea 
» DU I gt 
th being a ner of land i in ; 
