90 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [FEB. 8, 
or Se t oe ee et chewy ire im ee 
EEA RARS thatit may. b 
plications of organic matter are most re: required—at least, | surface, apd the rain, percolating the soil, instead of 
the iptactioe of. “ppiving animal aid? vegetable rhea pt ea off by open grips or stagnating up cer = 
ts e. 
ee stock; liquid manures, and fol duce 5 fetilising chemical changes, and te yi tage 
nae so d on these opinions ; but I ath jasi aeee uring frosts, to separate the particles oi of t he |an an extensive. scale. ‘As it PERSEN but to 12 parts 
dea toid y the force of the argument on the clay. | Subsoil a would break `u upa p! too gre E qualities ust not 
obari de; sinpas by s re that guano is onis dung be employed ; and I have ina by many trials, that _ 
that. i contains little nic matter, a nd t j k h f a clay! ther th 501 2 acie produce a very considerable) effect _ 
p pally l wever, (as is the case with all very solūble 
most En have in excess, and TAR Had on: their own | : I have seen land quite as unpromising, on _mhich salts), a but ve T, EEN to I F 2 of soil contains 
assumption thiat in the inorganic. portion hee „ths virtue | these processes -have wrought a similar cha p mp will be 
of manures, that the value of a ton of guan: e no| which, from a state of poor pasture, worse Hine aay i tash, and sub. 
jhe than a ton’ of any other excrement Wilde freed from | the di strict now under consideration, or of arable fields zt sequently ete “humate i potash will yg e ed. This. 
with g = apltg that Bei g first well 
plies | th eh e guano is n n +}, pal R si a | a> 
lated add md to urine, which will be much improv à 
markably ` drsel climate on’ certain aaia y whereit-has | oat water pinys oun Wheat ie other yeais, pale. It has been be ot enoa, that some sorts 
praep little change, save partial ee eea and | yielding an average ‘produce of ‘5 quarters'an acre, and | of peat-ashes owe part of t! o 
lone.-0f- much of its sept this ms , however, | of Turnips and Wurzel. 25 tons. Berke: degrees’ of | this salt. 
e, and | porosity and friability, which these’ operations: failed to Sulphate of Soda.—This salt,. which i 
p eha ran pe mposed _ 
h st ffect, might be produced by dressings of burned clay, of 43. 86 dek of soda and 56.14 of ee acide is to 
f 
BOr Fe 
pind ae s when applied. in ey d each at d has | chalk,„and lime, by liberal supplies. of animal, and t-chemical munufactories, and 
caused it to be, thou ught 80 erp | to goang Tarn fae manure, mS by deep ploughing. They It: is- most: probabi biyt > 
which reg ced in stag e of can be effected while it remains under Grass. The | sui nee which ind other sulphate salte containsy } 
gron wth. The best Dt the be operations should be commenced by draining with tiles | oes yaou ihe plepin as they find generally ¢ 
viz. carbon, h ydro oge sesht an rogen o, adonly or pipes ; the drains to be 12 or, at the most, 15 feet soda, partl he common Ky partly in the 
im čemniaing Vouk is inorganic or ash ; if the inorganic asunder, and 2ġ to 3 feet deep, and to be made before silicate of the whit Phe sol i ly deficien 
os Aang Sonar only 40 Ibs. out of ¢ owt. re fur a breaking up of the land from Grass. The land | sulphuric dies sceounto their great subi wal 
y j ould ‘then be inet. Set and limed for Oats; to'be | In | some places, t the sulphate of s mbined wil 
hi fo llowed: by a fallo r Turnips; ‘during which th is to be found in oats ubsoil in, 
and other mineral or ital matters Shick i i in orei ion of salsa nik fih aiit take pita.’ Should the Maea of soda-alum, and it is probable that this a 
most soils, aud.the remainder are found~in all,animal on w bape meee = wp se be performed i imme: | be used as beneficially as the Par ds alum. Alth 
xcréements. HEhese: are facts readily to be ascer rtaine d | dint ate ely af Oa t-or red ; 
y reference ical works of fi +p Wate Of soll It tried it on a large 8c 
, and J a must at once lead to the conclusion, while the land is dry. bat, j I sk 
at 4cwt. of pit it BN be detect to w AT Bee spring, | in as superior hehe yi many k of c rops. If 
of corn which - ‘takes 4000 Pa or 5000 lbs. of the same | For the Turnips, I would dress with- burned. c clay, of | in contactewith \carbonate i aon it will Berio 
i ts tl to meet the arguments | which m poron of ate fields would affo om an ample | com posi sitio ion ; in fact, it will act.t vase consti 
brought A amd me, the 40 ibe. of _ rf 4 cwt. of guano | supply : y did not, the clay gould oem sily be d l-justlike shiphata, po! 
will not a it for ror teed of 608 t; the object being not so much to obtain | or 60 lbs. per acre will be a tma iat b 
Veakié of bi opts ng; 0 it be Ai nto competition vegetable dhep as to add so: Saath, whch should “open is soluble i in 2 to 3 parts of SATA na effects: will i 
with the 700 Ibs. or 800 Ibe that are found i in an cet the soil, that ‘is, increase its’ porosity.’ To this b It has been found ee 
ae of y ard m manure; and therefore, to put thi iiir eer I would add 20 cubic jaiai per acre of dung, in | to fruit- eer, which are said to yield after its use as 
canes 7-inch drills. The bein sg? my be drawn and’stored | rior cro 
nothin vous i cps The bes: t guano ane early in the autamn in manner -described ‘in esc a ate of Amimonia.—This salt, which in its § 
time selling at ion 10h fas 127. per ton, and ae attaw one of your last year’s Sp tes; and to be con- =o tne i a 1 parts s of sulphuric aci cid, 22. 6 
manure rge towns at about 5s. perton; of the latter | sumed. by cattle in the straw- -yard, and shéep: fattened nd-2 j 
about one-third. is ; deprived of this, the remainder | on these and th rG h wi according to my o 
can differ but little from guano, except that its sens with corn or cake. The Turnips would be followed by , the grow th ofall. plans in’ strikin; ich m 
formation is not equall eres gonn, and its decom Wheat, the Wheat by Clover fed off by sheep; and this whi ok can be easily oo oe as few of them 
this i n is therefore very much slower. The consequence of succeeded by Wheat. Half of ne araile land | able to attract so much nitrogen from the atmosphi 
is, that whilst the whole effect y guano is felt and wo uld then annually be u nder Whe eat i the fo ion of several of Ahel 
and a few weeks, the d hat 5 To this it must be ad that it supi 
but its erat influence is apparent for years | son ‘afforded for sowing be former grain. The of | | nee with that essential ingredien AS ke 
ier its applica the land we would have under green crops- Turnip, | fore, plants grow after it so a ao it follows 
g y frequently be found by the | Wurzel, Clover, Tares; Beans, tna. The | ought to be used wherever possible. We have bef 
8 | fie pafi fy k } T: like = ee he: r, to be con med A bass } the | 8cen that it is obtained, if in places where tidal k 
p fg l! i Wurzel to b ‘cia pers, and to | porates, sulphuric acid diluted with water is expos 
iene ay Did 7 consider the loss ofthe price: of t i ith Turnips | its" influence, or if sulphate of ironis added to” 
guano the only mischief do one — its nas Tre think in the. pe aes rotation. là dre for this; as well as Still i n both Man gible nly t that t ammonia i = obtained; 
co ion, the wi 30 Sahg eng per acre, of and waste. mock onia a may be purchased from gas“ 
pa pr np Wig ome. manures; the want e ir aie, h8o or 10 should | he vba, Bo to babes and cover | where i it is obtained as an ‘accessory production. 
atock.too generally: Seen upon farms ; 3 and now, vines the the duog-heaps, and ultimately turned Py with them sa alt is wory easily soluble in water (1: F) and, 
action of the tariff, All the crops that hav re ee en enumer rate i elie thé plan 
for their manure, to keep flocks aad herds, I dread the Brow, w well on ine Jan P sand when | outgrow themselves. Using 60. to. 8 80. Ibs. Fi 
well I Gaiiged ; l I would s 
ment of the land, and ultimate loss to the f Turnips ind W hed ein the difficult = less should | be taken, as it will be easil Fae by 
Hew witt Davis, _ Spring Park, near seias on. “We suning ae the la nd, 0 Si i af Ni lubie. On this s account al, 
comment at some length o rl little ; the 
the subject of Mr. Davis’s communication.] crop brint this obj g aati so it the ny be Pe porous, it much carbonate of li 
E iis. | ing and subso: lughing alas be to render il th ammonia will be decomposed, 
i GEO- -AGRICULT URE OF MIDDLESEX. , > | crops moriudèpendent of the weather.—J. Tri vilst the lime “unites with the sulphuric acid ‘the 
‘Tar following remarks refer especially to the im- 3 whence it follows; 
x 
provement of the heavy soils lying north of. the| ON nue AND THE SULPHATES OF ec if the ammonia shall ‘hot evaporate, the soil m 
Hates Togs. PDk AND AMMONIA AS MANURE x 
I, stated, it will be iLane that from the cold i vE found, after fy alum Sulphur alone has ‘bedumsed to advantage as aman 
Mh yee | € soil, in its present | consis ae of 10,76 parts of po tash, 9:95 of alumina, Not rte soluble in water, it cannot pass as such r 
cag be “rates ht Taat the Pat E peaa, ace ap and 4 sy 5 water, isa Hae power: | the plants, still, if it is well pulverised, it will’ be 
anure, as i ike gypsum, merely advance ted (by attracti the he air) int 
Bowever, afer tg by the tenants of such land, : 1 rere n by the P aA acid which i contains, var arene mi aber A Ayer om Dri a a 
late tely re an accou ep nace edings sof am eeting | als o by its potash at and alumin na. Alu m Ea soluble | soil into a sulphuric salt, This process will most 
p babl iest i ins m 
made of the acai of = London s alesmen— | quantities ; unless, indeed, the soil contains much ë oe cater idl oo place the lime’ dissosea (by i 
which w were stated to amount to pita or se ave acre. If} bonaté* of lime, in whieh’ case gypsum w will er formed. affinity for Re eria acid) me su tiphur to unite q 
bey 7 ary e, it is a proof that 40 to 50 lbs Ibs. is | generally sufficient for one _Madgeburg with the oxygen of the air. , however, very di 
f land, ld t 
ebb. it of thi kind of farming must be at a very low tadan it its use- unprofitable ; t a 
profitable ; -and we «must, therefor: 
dower te of their own, who should conduct the business on confine, ourselves; tothe use of minerals which sonialei ale at lp sia spe Mantis o? alpan W wit 
lower terms. I wou ul progos hy different remedy, which | jt in an adulterated condition. Alum will chiefly im- | metals of tudes b) 
cu st iy. he 1 me by diminishing the prove crops ta Ones to. the tribe of Clovers, although | Jt. ig also stated: that the y destroy worms’ 
if aps ph also. 1 Ba rley; Further ex ‘peri €nts | most probably = elope sulphuretted fee 
alan and subsoil- isnie a tbe ne Tr re | aa and if gioi be not deceiving, it cannot be doubted | a iir desompos oe ten m con spa Ay of ol 
On the part o e landlor b f 
and an increase of farming capital o n. the of the | of lime, al p ane onion ar nd and separ, of pora AHS SUE capers eo 
tenant; SA ite P h aa ? these neces can ever 
demand no small share of skill, attention, and activity e at band, bi the ae linn uiid l emplo xed R agriculture « on a large s cale. I have. 
Unde r, these conditions, however, such an appropriation the. sips wd a free. “On a therefore, very D iani aA EH the effect seemed neither good nor | 
Stm andi 1 z PAES * 5l o be used a ith e p being a | Sprengel. . 
ital employed irra a 
t ong. ° Sulp hate of joa or the minerals cont s . $ 
ba ae tated X m pries soi! conte iy he tb s are sed, asa a manure fem being first well pulv erised e agers ‘Gorrodpondenes.: 
ia $ i PIN 
, ik overing of drift to the sul Alum may be u sul- gypsum, says, ‘f Before gypsum is used it — 
pinsi eaa mi of the same forms vi 2 Suipha te aa Potash. — Thi salt consists of 54.1 ~~ Hing ribs. hig hs mina cloves hae 
x : 7 apm and irregular) parts of potash, and 45.9 sulphuric acid; it is -i| water of crystallisation or Hy chemically- onid 
el. e difference is rendered | po art of alum, which partly owes to it its fertilis- (23 Si cent.) If bure 
s ar t deep, which | ing properties, on which account the a if used by | it will agai t fi Wen much water as it 
ay itsel ii "raining would itself, is is also a ver y oe manure. It surpasses it viously lost, Sitan becomes again Ape eal 
“9 ime or gypsum, as T have found | is ‘soluble in water = 3 still, 450 lbs. of w 
