230 es ae ee 
Sar Saat mG 6 Rr pd omg a a! ak |e one i, ngage th a 
that it had lost from 6 to 8 feet in height within the Phe sh of comminuted shells, id hey rock, portions’ of | gts ol a all ether chan Ti th 
consi S, 1N SO! er c oen th 
Jast ha If cen century. © “Independently of th any Cane DE n oii | Nature IAEA Ba act Eei ose nea 
horses, and donk s, | taining the fish, sie dead or aliv ild mpts have presi 
saben 4 sand en Acs rie Pu eet rad T rtion of phosphate of lime con- | to time, made to stay the goes and various plans hae have 
“Sand for agricultural pu: ous remains enised | been adopted ied es upupo in France, in Hojlan ne 
„numerous bays and ert on ae naiki eae of Corn- matters of a thy much of its importance, doubtless, | Russia, a ndin È ngl out the oomme oori i: 
neS from Trevose Baad it or La ng’s-End, and it is is due 5 he ai entità of emin ent engine 
the shel k, dep on the tar aaga rock ï the evil in part of that comity a on 
' Corneal, that from anih harbour; pai or i eisai. as “aa raised in the harbours of Cork, Kinl the oon of “the ek of wore which w. 
lse than corals, shells, and their fragme ents, is t | sale, | ee Hay yen, and ‘Rin ngabella, is dredged from a t ( Pinu 
twe ibt. If E from t; that taken i sii [n Par r), Anite bes yy by checked he d 
“one-fourth of the uaa er pr for agricultural purposes Youg alt Re A aah loth 
ina Tis it f Kinsale epia those valready mentioned, the sai wood highly useful f 
1] generally many purpo nd h 
poon, triad penar a past of the estate of Lord Palmer sto 
| on p 
1 wh 5 
6 rch =e n cubie feet, 
d of ted hells, | at low water, and then taken up the Srey to its 
pria a ee from the coast, — over tl c he towns : 
¿landin "he interior as mineral manur ve e take the| “In a few of those places already named, I } ly exten 
adstow harbour as on ve a fifth, then we | able to ascertain, with tolerable hee ste the av erage ing to about er statute acres, was, for many yer 
ould ban have 7,000, 000 cubic feet thus distributed. which from Youghal harbour covered with drift sand, in some parts to a leit 
As may es and strand is about 300,000 tons, 130,000 of which are | 1 feet and upwards, w which was apidly ex ; 
i ds al by. boats, of yarious degrees of „tonnage, to ie itself over the adjacent lands. About 18 years 6 } 
d 4 [astenton nis lord as di i 
Pahia z0 diminish or incr 
“the coas rally speaking, ected to 
* the less haya etrita s that can be worn from it, pike greater | far as Cappoqu in and attempts were made under the direction of the 
the proportion of the comminuted shells in a given por- |“ ‘In Oyster Haven, an inconsiderable creek west of | Mr. Alex ander Nimmo, an a eminent civil oun 
of i so 2b 
there are oats. up! 1 
flowing towards the shelly sands can deposit the dasar f den Seach, employed in dredging sand, some of which | by pla nting a kind of Grass, found in consid erable quan 
det out 150 boat-loads each, in the year. These | tities in tufts upon the neighbouring sand- pers ca 
the shelly banks, the finer the sand: We have found the preity belong ie the ‘armers, 5 nd the men, when | Bent (Aru ee arenaria), which, after several unsu 
sands, considered worth removal for agricu her) pu ork, earn 1 Ay’ man for | ful attemp p 
» poses, to vary from 40 to 70:per cent. in their caleareous } each cargo ditivered: anit à boat-lo af di wo a the end | The B ted thu ns of taken ap 
contents, Dr. Paris states that the samples of sand | òf the season, as a perquisite, sank: Tan ee men | from the numerous tufts or pate ates with whl h 
usually employed, a ich h ined, contained | employed pst: filling and working sig boat, which pe | these waste lands are interspersed ; the en are car 
ut ê! com Ta 
n each, pegs 8 the roo u as ma as possil 
£ 
n ised wea sa 
. presence se the peni ron » the sea- Tale: TWD and the labour is very ay ies The annual amount g 
"which: a aa pe vam materi -* to its fer- | raised in this creek is about 57,000 tons, and a boat- | than round ones, inasmuch a 
ig powers ; citing as a , bearing strongly in seed ser n sold, brings, according to the weather, from | 12 thick round bunches they are apt to r 
~ favour, of this “opinion, that the aan wid several | 6s, o Ts. 6d. These data, in connexion with the|and the fan shape is more favourable “or ‘the, 
miles to the har “bour of ka ng tow Set the sand which i in Cork, Kinsale, and Ringabella, which | throwing out its fi the plants 
e farm Rds sopp tofis a very small creek off Cork harbour, are by no placed first on the side of the sandy ground, a 
faseh th h fa age: jus st] means accurate ; the amount in those PER taken | the point from which the 
i h sali tt ag pria together is, I am tomes iderabl rate = at at a depth of 2 feet or more, i ts 
“also, then contains Fotima of sea-weed ean n- | 1,000,000. tors. Mu of that raised in i Cork e sometim 
“ally fresh animal Uie derived fiom. rn marine | bour is, after a water phe of 10 or 12, miles, er | found it necessary, in case of tilara; to plant anew 
creatures, among which are the tenants of microscopie | into the country on one-horse cars by w ift is established 
‘Vghells still little decom; in th Geolo a distance of 10 and T mpa, on "hilly roads, p Which | the plants are put in at 2 or 3 feet apart; at first th 
selerieCuininetl Dees ond) DONEA Dota BON. | porin, strong evidence in fav ia g its value were planted in rows of 15 feet asunder, the pli 
one The following is the Report on this subject contained | m ; and it is plac ced on imest e ground as SAR | being 3 feet asunder in the rows, but these distanc 
A : Kane’s work alluded to above :— nate on A eh soil Le from the decomposition of Pp | 5 ~~ foamy to be too eee. as channels were form 
»-h@Mhat I may give an idea of ne extent to which the | old red’ sandst Kot ae slates, It is n twe rows or lines of er by the ¢ : 
banks on our-coasts are wailable as sources of however, to Weis d that aisi aan ere ind a e whol 
-these manures, I shall extract briefly some estimates of the sear ven is confined to a ose paces ‘veal 1 mentioned. to be beaten up, or re} ie ted 5 al it has thus be 
t nd, nook, and bay which’ ac a be | ascertained, that the more irregularly the plants are pu 
of Co: } p ora pers is esha | down at the distances above stated (4 feet apart) th 
Serai ‘on the ENF of Sey and yen the ater = star its quota of sand ; and in many places ai better. The Bent should not be plante int 
from a ‘most interesting communication by Mr. F: small exten en b bi 2 oe “over 50 carts taking, itat | most ary portions ol the shifting sands, but in the 
Jennin ær ennings. low water ; d.then being considere a moist and firm apota After a few years it will spr 
The shell banks of Lough Foyle form, when the | the best, ig oniy 5 “inferior to that whieh is arefiget so much, that care and attention a rial { 
“tide is out, extensive flats, which are firm enough to be | When it is, sidered the number of | ai affo rde d for extending the i eae ay yet 
alked on ‘without: any "inconvenience, and they are places from os ch pee raised, an approxi 
ats for loads d 
1 ye 
sorted to by nu 5 a 
though this system has been pursued for more than a | degree ‘of care and attention, “a A i | such: as white Cover, Birds foot, "Teel yc: iy come 
«century; they exhibit no il in th scé The amount of f st 
supply. The _ hitherto examined are yal. of recent sand: ‘varies p aei ; some of a dark-blue “os upon tl he sand. The seeds of the Bent ri ripen 
es ; and i tl latter end of July, but the§process of raising Bex r 
" oon sen in raising the shells | | tained 65 per ce the seed is tedious, as the young plants will not bea 
rv $0 boyer © te ee at at 6a pe bee saost. atts Tio ‘It ‘may be. paa ‘is the supply inexhaustible ? | state fit for teansplanting, fo r 3 or ory r4 ye nga 
gh ' Metis probably be in the affirmative, but ‘in man laces the with sand from the sandhills, and u par 
$ odtherebutiag the labour albie 35957. | | strands, H the Bent Saat sre, if 
te whee vith A, employed" bet 94 boats, of lës. and the int | tal till September, 2! re 
ê tonnage ow 8'to 60 tons. The aggregate ton- | habitants must either ap its I tl j 
give up its us of ‘fant nting may be fon? until 
cr ns inet of the eS ts boats is 1306 tons. The total a supply. ‘The amount of sand to the acre | grows best when planted between the months tt 
Soe y 0 me “rete Hee: ie pr is about 59,496 | varies according to its ay an iei se iess where it | ber and March both inclusive. E Brot one root o 
pae au te ee sea eRe et mest opposite the bank | is abo x Nee np ton, = t., or 40 tons, is a re 49 bunches = been obtained, which planted ü å 
; re ‘ened i Sn A but at Derry 'and' S sual qua tity to S applica of lan -D diie, and in this way a 
aye? . fe l 8 tons woah lantan Irish acre. If’the Bent pia 
eine vem shell meter woe sh name "iey tbe vert” «6 In considering its agricultural rating I ‘seas, hy fdr the purpose of trans 
i nly cae ia 7 jing à land aeri pin pi ot salt-water it contains must not be omitted, , for the | it maagi be laid in the ship’ $ hold, with nilie pea 
ameliorating stiff wet clays, aticlent in calcareous | but the state itis in after some hours’ drainin its 
moist to | and in this way it will retain its tative p 
“matter, being applied ie the so ‘of from rhe F vt : os ay REF ot wet, i Fro rks m. its day neering oe con- | four or five ARA or longer, in proportion tot 
barrels H sumption, and great value when, taken far inland, taken, in i cking it. By purs the p! 
ak Hed brittleing the Inna ‘In this the silicious | lieve it bed. dee ge striking har Moy has 
sand 1s y Most uoan giving porosity to “a n internal ri at least in the South of ined, if| effected upon this portion of L i 
e 
Side Pu pte; hone tnt of eh mh | = a se w erti would allow of its being forwarded | perty SL ines aha i sane land, 
scientific Roowibdes Tami indebted for much sore the Duke of D x 13 
regarding the industrial condition of the south of Ire Mr. Jennings, it appears that th adh mbiendl or tind the nir aas nil hs 
. 
of the w ; sea sand as a manure, along the eoast esta teat is l wit ; d Ahinedintaioty irbinhue teisa 
> carts co g wt; onkies, agate arts. con-| better than a sandy desert, spreadin 
of Cork. T pioet it without alteration, that its value eee 7 ewt.; each drawing 1 12 loads per week ; 3 35 directions, is now z iain sprei ne ee ap 
» and ighters, of 35 d fruitful. t f pasture-land, a large propr 
pe os ‘The harbours and coasts’ of the south and west of per week. And bine e total quantity of sand raised an: | of it being Loe E o d ae of Mabe ind 
by the agriculturist for manure in very” aegear ge’ To FRANI RAN tin at 293,503 tons, inthe harbour of | Grasses, and supplying g food for a considera 
tities ; ; that raised i in Bantry ones and the Pere aaa ee Ah cattle a peat ent’ has ‘also “been tried 
termed coral sa _ THE BLOWING SANDS ON LORD PALM 3 
yaje E a his lordship. 
to portions of coral, but e's STON’S ESTATES IN IRELAND. i |e ton, Bord era ae win cuanty of 
Ariari eas , unknown in the harbours of Kin-|) «19 ch Lest FONE “DOR desux "a 
ee, in, Youghal and = interme odin te districts. of the} th p major; 
icroscopieal examination, is com- G reat SAN ka 7 peti have Pe a 
evastated | sown therewith, a great part of whic! 
il, p. 194, lase hi to alarmi 
Cee alter | the “oe it was toe agricultural I Sw a Bin sh "os we =e of: Sand, wht a well „The are te aper! riment- was wados he 
Resell eng ergoil io e PAA a 10 mema aant essay 
to the at, is ore aah, peng a promising appr in o 
