a 
THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 
period much money has been spent in laying 
the ‘er ope, in agree A it, in makin send sare | 
and in pried suitable ‘building t of | 
this farm entered upon it after s impro Fhad 
bay complete pay p e course: slargely increased 
n that h for the landowners’ 
three were considerably flattened—that, in fact, Ae yna i ee sitters Son aaa d rated at tl 
hus produced extended | same ‘sum. o two sare in exactly the same tip, 
pees caret pdi = soil thus pr cumstances as to the tia x manual — so 
ite igs eed aay require. They ma : 
be of the same diane pole a to 
OBSERVATIONS ON A LABOUR-RATE. and , po mkoa ae andi 
ia AM sorry io teen that you agente a labour- | quality; but from the superior modo n fine pe 
The incl observations, which were vea, on) beep. for some time past mau 
still e ress J profile’ y 
as, ns. yom will perceive, 11 years ago, Xp: ed a oies gi mst ma tein a 
“6 The shite system is one of those mischievous 
h pa arish es burdened with poor, an ndi in- 
bad con ats 
tegire a 
ition. Some lands s, woodlands. for 
great denl r more W an to be DESE 
tha: 
em in winter 
eee 
e 
Platana from senig 
ditches 3. on ot thers 
It interferes ws ith mma a ze circulation of labour. r, fo 
es not admit of any labourers but those eae to 
he parish ae pair under it a); ; and ti the e same 
point of view in which the matter exhibits 
ie operation of the measure. It also. interferes with, 
and has a mischievous effect on the price of labour, by 
; for the latter, } 
es,’ observes an advocate fos a labour r-ra 
r: 
jea 
in a pro > 
e taken to male sucl g 
ivation; care m 
as shall throw 
importance, that the value of the gross agrcultara 
y the of their’ wages (2). The, 
acre, more than four times what it jis ease yielded, labourers are classed according to y èir ages, or s 
and the whole benefit whi ch in this case has bee — ek and ability, wad each e is paid a oe 
om brea ce f wages slaks tn minimum will soon 
apportionment of all the labourers in the parish, and a 
b vestry o 
i and properly cultivating inferior yagi, is 
cauitted. 
Lesilais the 1 maximum throughou ut the parish ; and the 
wages thus depressed being ina adequa; ate to the support 
= eg 
pie state cof culkin boom and t 
this portion and tl 
have been de SE fron the 
porti ion fa! lls ex clusively 
share, and nothing beyond that share. |] 
tai 
mainder whic ne is left, after 
whole body. 
th 
upon t e occupiers ‘of lan 
i the 
There oubt but that wherever 
will, of necessity, be made to them, in one shape or 
anothe er, out of the poor-rate. ‘Thus, the allotting of the 
ted w 
pth te y wit which it is 
eee cour try, and with whieh 
AK 
oceed, may rapidly i increase ; i 
GA menon se rate thus 
ood in the co 
in their too ten depr Seeds ea Dyin any gees for 
gpr nota table eA ee the Tabotiters: 
surely deserves the e advocacy of all. 
Anong vy eprratians a se y at the present 
ith | labour below its level ; making allowances out 
> 
of the 
poor-rate in aid of low wages bess es gy them still 
having 
population, , they nae no 
for his portion, they are still gains Scapa? to 
res 
— ent eA — 0) 
n the 
o BUpporeine s 
sien n Dy pate FiA employ 
on wit h the 
ppo 
lower; and one evil another, they 
will thenceforth act reciproc: de wp and aggrav: 
each other. 
“The labour- rate is, under 
man system: for where is wre materia! ere 
tween sending: » men round, and allotting them to: the | 
rate-pay seco to an indivi idual 
for a given time, be it five days | or fifty, feels that he 
her name, the rounds- th 
l; 
is and abs meaty of allotting agriculi ural labourers toi 
hi 
setting to work = remainder o 
services are not require 
out 
ant 
1S & pauper wor king 
eoa not Mired Se t he 
nwilling master, not a sery 
a lab 
of lab 
ware more tan bi involved 
e hay se at 
season 
in THE USE OF THE va 
5 
bd The eters of ‘hee several „labourers „Should be 
which are, perhi 
already filled ; and yet itis 
an HENN p an atana ‘of parra many of the at 
es of the measure have been n gui erere 
Dronk 
yeca 
ablished, 
eater have le: 
it ‘would, appear ar thal r 
a 
a gerne 
of this implement these, common pemoath 
f 
and the rales karisi or Ape aint but onder the 
have 
+ 1 
be esingagetee roller, Crosskill’s elod- 
me shal hereafter cic to at 
leng 
Saad 
t object is mer y to chien ak 
It paralyses mes eee prudent foresight, 
D 
Tak a gle man 
perising the whole "body of tabou and Te assign- - 
share ERE to the- 
at whieh he stands rated. x landlords and ten 
erism, and thems 
aithis of effects upon, ay 
Cloddy 
3 
= which i Tas 
hap , earned ane the summer, on an à average a 
from all the ev ils whieh ‘result. from the moral deg 
Boni plong 
T necessary, and w. proper ¢ ondition | man 
je to Finn = manly Pal inte clods ; indpeik 
haps the su 
nty 
amateur SEE the iy conferred on him by e 
n to 
practical over the for the 
a large family, worked for a farmer, and re- 
ceived, mid the esrb of beer in harvest ‘te, 12s. 
week n the of winter, occasion has cea: et 
j. ds, m 
energy to the 
e| by the de egree of pe ale may be 
m Ke n its ut un 
rience, is seldom seen o pest 
the adya mage which a of the pe 
vantage than in | 
hey are penniless. Under 
and each would be 
i hak not aecording to lane aes 
owl edge. proper 
conditio. van: diferem kinds of soil nie of | 
cultivation thusgi 
age, or supposed skill and ability. I 
humbly contend that the profligate and e extravagant, if} 
Lite f 
ficial, 
nd gener sequences or elite Rete pre ote the w 
of gen Pear whose in ng ests are vapoparl rably 
atk sie We must not sacrifice the i fatarg 
h 1 
toner of the psy of soils 
but TAUISE 
1 
nd small wages ; whilst the man who, from no 
pan 
fault “of his own 
only by am 
a.tilth, but also to enable the removal ed iier hi 
Those acquainted with. the orms of this 
implement will easily o 
those must be ks ich exe: 
u 
on the land, suc mkt IPs clod-crusher a 
x fon g 
others, than i which, like the. smooth cylinde i 
servan 
Rona pressure i 
$0 trea 
pelled to ae for relief, should be set to work, and 
o | paid f fair w 
ake servants careless 
about e: tiea thelr ‘pl aces 5 ot it will destroy those 
Cee whic n iene subsist between master a 
which in 
It is contrary Tabe 
e condition of the poor th A varies can re 
manently reduced; and the condition of the poor 
not be permanently a oot till ae ol 
anquiped habits of aie 
Tver L Bucks ; July 33, 
the above objections, numbered 1, oI 
o »s 159, 160, and £ee eter i 
those shown to be eapable of 
udicious mode of 
t.] 
LO 
carrying 
ré removal, by a ju 
ur-rate ” into effec 
press, uniformly y ov 
1 
cise number of la boss urers om t rite eir ASi The ‘labour: 
close and hard the surface of the ] d, 
in pas hg i nuns the loss, by ae of “the |as 
moisture ains. Rolli as beneficial 
se a 
; but 
op eapiecta ce 
ows aay follow 
follow closely in the 
he observation to the 
the plough, so the Pers shold i 
wake ofboth, And. 
d 
prtncrsS ery (8 
Sher kes s the control of a person’s own purse Ee 
him 
elf: 
smu ee h as others say he ought to-expend (6). “sah a 
[AGRIC ULTURAL EDUCA ATION. 
Tuer education of farmers has hitherto mene tau 
them the labours of the ; farm mechaniga ally an rhe 
proceeding is calculated to drive capital out of t 
try, 
auna 
tions and ‘sen ns, but unassisted by any a fl 
aluato reasonin and hence -ie difficulty 
terfere with then management by their siphons 
gouges ns (7); it of apom 
our parishes ; for returns of the number oi 
men, geet ‘an. an ee by every ot 
payer must be made, and the accuracy of the returns 
inquired i ae 
s 
The 
yari which the measure requires is so 
23 ith 
improve them, and the diversity of principles, andi 
uncertain basis on which muth of their practice 8 l 
They may attain a certain skill in practice, su such 
working watehindker is te attain in ie utting toge 
watch ; but no improvement can. arise. un) ess the } 
and principles on known, 
the mind eer erned by rey Towel of causes f 
injuriously to co soil and neutralise the hat the majority of $| effects), brought intoa enlig htened but uni 
looseni pulverising effects of previous culti-| would be nuteriy incompetent to arrange the detatie. tered by tion p jan The t me is now come: 
vation. have lately been en uring e above observations apply to the principle of the | when: ve y different returns for the Jabour mast 
ascertain the depth to which the indii ence of se ne | realised onthe generality of soils, to leav ie culti 
roller ext hen dr. the rate o : kers suppose that the prineiple is good, and any profit, and the pe endi nee, too must 
the surface of the la i peia Eciation ad pa ra q to s show, that Be ace itable la shot a rate reni h ut byth egon 
its effect is merely to consolidat. EOR EO cn let of im improved m achin Sea = fae! nt 
p Saga: A comp idate vhs s pes The gaa =“ anette ches, the ae held ge the: Ps grea t misfortunes attending the peny of of ager 
spirals of sheet-lead, one foot in. diameter, and aaa k whether | been, oR e varied knowledge ` m ed 
Zinches i in depth, were buried i ina a loosely sania 
arable, ] Aphid k abe t 
&e., sho uld, in adj ajusting a Iabourat, 
ursery ground, 
bei taken intg 
6, 4, and 2 2 inches 
On passing the roller (it wa a | than ara 
from 
ry generally rated higher 
nd, ‘ “beratas ori its comparative exemption 
implement) o over the land 
; the hat the 
ela 
the outgoing: of labour.’ The e expense of culti- 
calls fo oo lowly xn 
and indeed, itean be fully appr edie! “only pi 
who are engaged | in the pursuit with proper 
may make 
and oat a mae ehir e ka a 
an architec! t, by an 
> 
> x eons 5 pasture ; 
5 
ith the intention of taking P 
same, or nearly 
id of the same 
class may ‘be | very ae as ty geen and quality, 
| and yet be assessed a’ Upon 200 acres 
f} 
h of time, it was found that all 
po 
of arable land, of Se slg He hag rated = 1002. 
more hands may be employed with adva tage to to the |° 
o | ma 
* The Rev, Mr, —— ha w, 
hired, and, with money? which he was obliged to oroen a 
nished : Hagan house in a.smalt market town. 4 a” 
E that eventua’ly ouse wil 
Doses ils 
partial peen vied. It is evident t 
tal, kon ae grievous'y oppress and 1 
poe am: ced. 
