29,—1845.] THE oe CHRONICLE. 
- 493 
_ individ Si h aa | heycan Phe d ght be disi hi 
P other the species appear a eas | . plains, moreover, might be tinguished | of some of t ha lakes on the Ca Dn: of Ben 
on the 5 ae 8 ambar ve ist and dry ; in the former, “embankm ments sae had been much struck with the thick and Benga be be 
Pre avs e canals | getation of the fioatin ith which th 
ory a eee hich we know to be capable oe mo ify | for irr igation. In the rai iny season, however, most parts faces were cov ered. Thes ese co e consist of ‘rumerous chaiah, 
all A derek opment of vegetable form, the best means | Supported a tropical Ps age: and rice could be suc 
ing isolating the action of eac in par Sa re ar Wcalition, covered laced and matted toget parts 
ase ye be ¢ ompared with that of the | with primeval - aia, some trop a | both ligh ent a younger ny ea 
ar the hot book a thie e neighbourhood of | finding their way to the surface, while the older are 
wh 
pe “condition. If this process were repeated upon | Gebers, In theo ld'w 
en the more herbaceous rm 
the progeny of the original plants, and upon their off- | winter season, so and d y- Among these plants a are most of the gi 
in continued succession, so as to imata e, as far kan in the haiti, tt lz a aT India. pecies even. 
2 Bem the actual influences which take effect in | Wheat and Sa rle ey are as ts mountains, ultivated as in aioe in Europe. Bu with them such abe 
nature, and the whole series of experiments — con- Europe. tains, especiall ly the | Æsel > with it ts thick parias stem, Con- 
tinne ed aija long } per: iod ; ; 20, 30, perhaps 50 years ae og every vari ety getation is met with, | voly ulus edulis, He erpes ites Monniera, and Utricularia 
a i then T think those who shall | almost as much as in pro ceeding front the equator tojs stellaris, Marsilea a Trapa bispinosa an 
ul oo with s PET f Poly onum and Dysoph 
Ea te = more PAF than we can, to establish afon the ascent, and Polar t the prod ewr of its lofty verticillata. The las parti a ly th ng pm 
| theory as to the nature of the relations a individual peaks, The mountains, hapa ver, are also under the |its long jointed and ted stem with its whorls of 
ain forms amongst plants. Even those w a the rainy season and are, indeed, for a | leaves, of most of eed it may me observed that they 
ypothesi of the P REET ari ETN fi AT of a | great of the season covered w h à canopy of clouds have little or no root ; „the fi oatin ng stems are long and 
es from a common origi inal to be an essenti ial point in ‘consequence of the ir heated it oaded llul 
in saa Soir on where 
Eians of enquiry ; ; for admitting the hypothesis, there temperature is below the point ‘of Apes a or dew 
is yet no practical test afforded, by which to ze cognise | point. Connie mrem tae ok lag 
round the “circumference, with little or rather Se 
lake like bark, By Dr. Buchanan Hamil lton = 
f the species in groups, where these are | moisture i: s produced, in achas eed, 
bject to great variation ; nor can such a test be Cp td hg at night ‘and Dat Tie heating | aip “the that ya yka ibes the oe niii hoy be caticendy 
in any other m: Still more oo sun being u o penetrate the cloudy sabianinn for Si, od dh var upon the Grassi "a 
Was ve it to be gophulonophica), an way n oat a, pee fs here te mih ae of the Balsams, | which they becam d, but th i 
lorie, me the truth o ypothesis, supported RETE aas and Orchideæ, flourishing at elevations | fall through and are lost. He dese iiaeaae some 
with one in quest: ipy a à | priori consider: ra- where they could not exist for a aa during the dry | bushes and trees as growing in p midst of the water, 
ic acid probability we may inter. and among ‘them a Rose, a Barringtonia, and a a Cepha- 
iron that a body “of facts, bari so direct] tly ry and di rsified a climate, | læmthus. 
r chemia on the hould h r be e forthcoming. there is Se a “numerous aha varied flora.| It is h ang possible to witness such orl menge - with- 
P e might a a be bl } In dia n flo ora are about 10,000 out "calling $ mind so some of th 
tion section should associate fi e purpose of collecti ing, | in 
the d arranging such well. eajabliched facts, respecting but o on the et oF an is of te in type. The vege- = $ fes 'indientions often present nted to us in coal 
| cls mi the variations of plants, as observed e ither the 
ropica cal D Hsen in situations where no 
j al state, or in cultivation, as now o to tl to as vithout p. 
through ipai works, or ma y hereafte: limate, and about 250 species when |i ing ake: it is inte ~~ are the vegetation 
| obse: rs, with a view to illustrate ie ba od are fount in or ‘pain and mountains of India, also | of ah eo with th in f the Iois re fields of 
ie chan u As to the modi- | occur in other, s some of them ve ry distant, parts of Bu rdwan, which are in their immediate vicinity, The 
tations proposed in in ‘the | forms of deser riptive botany, | the wo rld. diff ill strike an observer i s, that nere is 
appears to me that it anoni be an essential point | is eefa imilar, and psa are Aee ai o the influence | no remarkable how e g between whale was the former 
e arani of a genus to assign, not merely | of the same physical states. icy affinity is very per- | flora of these localities, and wha might take place at 
Be points structure in which all the species of the ceptible between the Bota the Sothern parts of egg resent Pos ne i i i 
musagree, but also those which, var ying eee India and that of the ioe, Archi pelage 3 the same observable in the Indian coal fields, and that is the 
to anot , yet remain eonstant through- taing occurs with the flora of southern China ; this, | immense mass of Ferns of which they seem to be com- 
Eto subordinate varieties of thespecies, thus supplying th crelone; resembles that of kes ndia. Mr. , While no Ferns one at present 
e specific char. within the group. | Brown lon ng since re margoa Hes: about 200 species | neighbourhood. This, however, is owing to the country 
' attempt of this kind, however F Superfan A wong at | of x Australian flora found in the islands of | and the plains of India ee, being open, and there- 
ce insure an accumulation of ee > > by | the aeih Pacific as we rin in India. Dr. Jack cri sags i hot for some months in the 
ing these into matic e aa observed at Singapore many remarkable points of coin- year. One Fern, As prre radiatum m, is found n near 
uld Ld esis the “way for ae Stank generalisations. Delhi, in the sides of wells, in th fI 
in immedi that we should heneafior and Western India « on one hand, and the islands of the and also in, Arabia. Cheilanthes deatbata and Lygo- 
8s frequently find one pce species of a genus 1l 
because its characters had been prov: was m e Epa crideæ connected it with that of New | hills. But in the same latitude, and not very distant, 
got Variable, while another spe af of the same genus is | Holand the yess: o vt a peat port of the drier parts | where the coun rot is covered with forests, pro- 
adel aye po ssessing exactly the same and no sg has e on that of the west | ducin Jeon and ‘moisture, numerous Ferns, and even 
better distin aracters. of Africa, bp tn by Mr. Bro rown, | treo are found, as in Sithet The strata of the 
i imil ere pn about 40 specie BeraWan EA Ranigunge and Chinakooree 
It mil not Phe Sone im- pitazz nto those distant regions. Dr. R. in the e same Ta e Auton ag oo the Ma sot the jage aa 
in arsileaceo 
z HERI H. 
apes pe cies of the s Sam e genus, | and that of the drier ; parts of northern India, ànd alsi 
e species considered as di- | th at so ome of the characteristic forms of the Mediterra. &e. G. ae is interesting as ae been ‘found 
m ` 7 * 
th 
„in New 
the species of tha t genus, and if,| The o Himalaya mo untains have ea tropical vegetation at | Holland, in the coal of the H ee “on ury ri 
arieties by letters of the their base, and in their ver At elevations be! 6000 aay Jackson. Zamia Buchanan’ also ted fa und— 
aac o ask that in describing a|and 7000 ai the clima temperate, and the a Palm which has been ‘caled pag gm 
e letter should always indicate the | flora corresponds with that of Eu ropan regions ad of | Saioa joa, With a little more mo Eey as the 
ariety, each le tter re ceiving from | the rag ogc both in its arbor d h thes aga a 
ification, 3 tatii in the prevalence of F many of the same | plants, would grow with luxuriance in these alte, 
is. It is now ‘admit that there | species which are fou ne her ur fields, Among Seeing, therefore, that heat, with moisture, is c pable 
ct classes of varieties, the firs several g BAT which, until the last fi a vegetation similar 
nt the initial. see mir | years, were thought to + peculiar to China, and others | that of coal-fields, it would ‘in n ancient times pan hie 
3 they bit aT ER the offspring | to North Ameria, Feye eral, indeed, of the species are | required the presence of heat and moisture for the 
aiy Toti rn to the primary | identical with thos found in these distant countries, aperon 4 saan fields to oo flourished, 2 the mass 
ifyin ither i the cold and arid deserts of | of wel J eng times of a hi tempera- 
ighe: 
3 or > fn those of their desc ng prc by the hot and equally arid are, Scien aly from many geological ao sacle 
y named subspecies, are perma- sii of indie and of Africa, as 7al K ae Lise Some | phe Rec it is os er that, water ba ing present, 
r several successive ee Fed of the peaks, however, having t ristics of copious evaporation would necessarily take place as it 
ical form, if, in , they olar gumatos have also that of the Base oe and it | now does in tropical countries. If the internal eat 
urning, which is scarcely y A established. | | is curious to e all the families rey yes da of the same | were uniform at different points of the globe s mira 
there is gme to show that if w. | genera o) ikri ese isolated peaks a “pag ote Melvill df hoiena 
ieties displayed amon, ngst the ern Island. The northern face of the Himalayas, or the Ti- be an absence of those upper and lower currents of the 
or typi eee ng shall find bet which now carry the heated and moisture- 
cias, arraetimes of course incomplete, ex fi d air of the sible gr to ) polar regions, and send 
ndencies iati form ap a more with a sprin faking T ‘be Mediterranean oad air of the 1 As the ai 
oe while each subspecies the same foras. The author, haying tak m = Ege eral vi re- loade d with mo stare ascended into the pinera it 
— in repeated. Now if it be ad ed on the correspondence ati gth reach an elevation where the reduction 
this law may hold good thro ughout, there 7 pag eens i cou untries pi adka there w was a corre- | of temperature Rota Pg pe 
San veh designating aratt S AR : sa e Ww FEA 
letter, an h : katt > lac hy divs cha ce i y dep g 
~ by large letter of iep i corresponding = apap eg eae T ar tlati in the form of mr and Asis ova wo would thus 
og out how a ge of facts would th a the author’ s 6 TiInetrati Emal } be p d, and the py: o 
stemati ni ts aN fi f the | steady action of the heat below and of the co ve 
vines Ano arrn gemenii Botany. Dr. R his the 
would necessarily a “sag Bees 
rofessor Forges defended tain tanges—at what period the vegetation of i 1 | duce uniformity of temperature ; for tion 
Con 1 8 esse essential at the present moment | for ‘itunes, came po a cd polar re | ener ould be be obviated, and the solar Tays W I 
Mr. €. € Baz = Rep cam aa es istory. Aming the vario ma ta 
. with the remarks in | he might draw the. notice a aoe ag er at the e present time. In ree i tropi- 
varla be able pat of the authors p Paper, and hoped he one, he thought, pariona nae of the ‘tention not | cal = a be ple id grow equally well i in any ati- 
y to demons erie might 
one S pa KRAE that was - ri Aig ee e surface others y Ñ t essential. In conclu- 
Tele Geographies, D, tiled. Gen f f Tadia Dr, R, stated that he | sion, th ' 
taira Phical Distri ribution of tthe Paa sida Pde Mee wey pe lakes: hi fly i in the north of | India, had observ. ed, a parti perry even in the present pke 
hay, nd the auths ors eatin of its lakes, t seen thi Humboldt haw desexthed it as occurring on the Andes; 
1 a a Pafi fji f India ; but even there i the autho O wet porte os l pe oeb 
’ a ered to sappe bec tropical | was yarns prune support | yas, and partially so during the whole of 
aa differed y very much both in the | smaller Grallæ, and among them the Chinese Jacana. ana. | š 
