THE GARDENERS’ 
CHRONICLE. 
(Jury 19; 
494 
= 
ting fo “If it ex- 
isted i in northern n regions ir in seki times, and t the sources | 
could tro. 
rnal 
pical i sanapen not mipres an in aa regions during | 
the su season, but it would not be aa in 
winter. i taveetl would only be stopped, as a 
sent day, à laring t the darkness of night. _As the internal 
cise 
Roots forward his og upon e 
t that the albumen w: 
sumed by the plant malig germination in the majority | | 
of instan: 
ayia Lanxester thought that the question of the pr 
de of fe rowt th of the primitive cell aan the 
ided, but. that 
would by degrees be ower and a lower 
ret until, like the snow lie of the present, it 
would be atthe ese ome the ni bv high latitudes: 
aro now, and 
immediately ietan the abeio. of gh nal cold, an and 
thus a glacial might sueceed a tropical aman In 
situations erty w lofty peak raised ‘itse if above the 
louds, it would becom xposed to the 
li: and d would, 
7 
tions 
fluence of Galvani Electricity on 
ced b 
Seeds. He comm 
ments of Sir I H. 
Davy, in 
eveloy ped cell was 
and ammonia, he rega arde 
act which mig sht i 
whic “seeds 
one 
the = epon of} p 
- ds 
gr 
a paper, On the In 
the Germination © 
y pietii the old experi- 
, plac e the 
seoptionl © eases. 
had yaeta will naturally be in 
aa those organs in which rsa 
as bet 
peor or eon un: with those of the 
pericarp, where 
ding the 
primary fanetion h 
een the leaf, the bracts, 
Stamens op — 
n altogether 
n the least altered, 
e primi itive organ n has b 
f the func- 
different A 
ingly we do, in we find in’ many natural orders exam | 
ight 
omple: 
t pu rpose the vege table eco onomy. 
of this la Ww. t derive some illus 
We 
dc 
t 
fO 
d in 
, germina 
uns marrer arreen aaa mueh of the f ting 
isture of = seve re and give origin to tsighey 
TS, eee would plens® the mountain 
he vel = 
— Germination of 
F. GL 5S 
ithe 
tive pole, whi 
tion, Pvhilet the 
extremity, would rètar 
anis, by Ep a = Deccan M. 
that t @ place during what is called gér- 
sooner than those near the A ae an effect whie 
reid be attributed to the oxygen evolved at the gd 
ch se neni a germina. 
aoe ae 
t fre 
_the neg zative 
e 
tions worthy every attentio 
remar AE tl 
s are too technical and will be- givi 
BABINGTON thought Mr. Balls obse 
F 
th at germination was stimulated by | 
would endeav 
1 ly 
family of Gra: I o 
hich tlie era a alee ve rea cox e 
electricity ; but, 2 J 
itv 
Wis 4 
expect, 
Stolen are— 
J9 
4: 
that like light 
into the sheath, whieh pointed out an analogy 
mi 
sphere ; r A disengagement of carbons acid ; 
monia 
t, 
peiin 
3. A 
; 4. Con ion of „starch 
> 
of v by otarra 
in appr act as a stimulus, 
Mr. Solly 
Papakea June 25.—The Section met 
only to-day. Mr. Go ee eee aie ol 
d 
and he I 
commonly adopted | 
enomena 
e series, the growth of t 
Mar: supiata o 
f f Australia 
ma co ont Sos ye eci 
Horticultural eae: 
nt be eing made in 
Seeds 
| brine. and “a were, in several differen 
the 
of Barley, Wheat, Rye, 
ani s of the 
nt expert 
were introduced t 
pi 
the Section pie the President, 
S 
tioned i 
It was in n faot supposed that the Absorption ot oxygen 
ridaceze, were many spe 
and 
ot life—a necessary process s of the act of Renais $ 
| of 1 en low tension, and the ‘Tamis not oars came up 
than eco These ex- 
gon! sing proe esses, the one being an “oxidating, t 
alia a ro process; whilst the albumen was 
veg. a-sole'source of nourishment. reo gerd 
‘proposed vn regard the phenomena 
i 
of germin 
ferently. Itis obvious that the only mentah | process 
n dif- | elec 
esults, prov either 
q 
{f 
iryo. The pro cess: of developme. ent of the embryo, 
tom primitive eytoblasts developing its tissues, is pre- 
by that 
city; 
kas mere! 
end: from an identity of structure an iden ntity of fune- 
‘tion might be i uferred. But -e Karani Samy z 
fune 
experimen 
Ye ls 1 as ante 
ever: 
y ineid 
hand, a 
ad 
had give 
ing that the ger 
Pareet was oe whilst that of raisen was facilitated | 
electric: t the effects, observed i 
ental. 
it, 
Out of a vane of 5 
s on different seeds, 20 appeared in ane 
and 25 shewed no effect 
ur of the 
in fa 
8 oy = ‘of = risa ai sgetaiination, as dis- | v: 
tinguished from the mere chemieal effect produced by 
other fe 
mens of vers 
certo titers e 
wepared v 
Or ck but 
r plants, and some ane with their fo a 
ved, The process a ich they 
iye 
number o 
_ quite oe 
om ie 
th 
This wis always least in plants which were broug 
The parts of the plants on the su 
mination | of 
ae 
‘ectly pre 
| their specie characters 
Profes: 
epa 
were per served, and many o retain 
r Henstow sugges ted the use of th 
pump AAE to submitting the Aan to the ele 
i as he belie ved the diffen ulty in sinking the 
their tissues. H 
f air 
he tissues 
Sem i 
he believed ogre e anar aa mck Cane the a of the wlocenified, and} 53 5 of f ihe non-eleetrified 
gagement: of earbonie acid gas and am up. Tn conclusion, Me. Solly 
ly fi the e someon 
‘eontained in the albumen, or perisperm o ered 
and that the growing cells of the embryo rr riated 
rev een acid and ammonia with ja ae in the 
er cells in the ble kingdom 
to the 
tee =i 
We 
Profes: 
4 pero ara how careful pra 
ot ons 
es, there were found 
ted 7 Sms fo re 
eally d 
this paper important, 
rete men ought to be, in 
„upon suffic ient rer gy 
I+ 4} 
a 
all oth 
This. aiaa Ae he conceived, 
with the phenomena of germination dona in sri 
y persons: bel 
fluence on 
eved that 
vegetation, from t the instances at bene 
but also ‘consistent with a large elass 
v 
which | 
hye. of whieh i follow- | 
In 
be regarded as pur 
baa 
first doubted the influ 
many plants no 
conditions re equired 
had nevertheless tr ri 
fo 
rded as ely aceiden 
Davpeny stated, that snbeugh he had fi 
nfluenee of electri 
Se periments, and ¢ 
B. Solly. 
abt 
for I Yr were precisely: hoes or 
2. Many plants with hard perisperms, as the Phyte. 
lephas maerocarpa, 
as to the 
Dr. Pines did not om “Mr. 
m 
of Bactris, s; Cocos, and Astrocar ryum, germinate without | duetiveness of plan was alleged that plan 
consuming any appreciable penu of the i ielded more fruit as kns action of vase but 
3. The quantity of carbonie acid o by Saussure | Mr. Solly’s experimen nts only proved that their 
varied, wees according te = munber, b but according t functions notn vigorous. 
the mass bai arose from the r. Joux Bart believed t 
daeompeston of the search. asa eal process, and constant influenee on plants, “at jean sei ned itas aa | 
city on Paat he 
Solly’s expierinnetits 
vanism on the 
rom the 
net 
might be made from th 
—_ easts to E whieh the peculiar colour of 
rdir WARD Forses believed that the 
of ll ctrotype to plants would be found'¢ 0 
ose matte, especially in preserving the perish 
a of such flowers as those of the Orchidacese 
nel various species of Fungi. He thought the cop p 
might be coated with wax, and this m mig 
pps 
ie 
moe 
“chen 
paper ead 5 pii My, ANDREWS, € 
otes on ee ‘Trish sp of Robertsonian 
fr Mien iho author Leva studied the Irish S 
frages, an nd compar red them with those eo nt iy 
and believed that there were only two “oe aia es in 
land—the Saxifraga umbrosa and the 8. ‘Geum. 
he e regar as’ varieties of one a other of these 
e “ending of this paper term busin 
he whieh ort add 
Section 
om 
nated e 
was adjourned ‘after a sh 5 
the Pr resi von gratulated the meeting ôi 
| the improved character and id high i interest of the paper 
which had — this oar brought before the Section 
ent, w! 
believed it could be demonstrated that there was an 
Natural Histor 
4, De Saussure found that the relation eee. _the 
oxsyen inskop and the —— acid gas g BOTANICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 
‘out was different in anes t plants, for the same tissues, and tliat the peculiar organs, as the hairsand| May 2d.—E. Doubleday, Esq., V.P., F.LS., im 
quantity of the latter ought to be constant, if the ipei e veloped m those tissūes were dependant on | chair. Dr. Lloyd, F.GS. 
theory of oxidation or Sepa tanie g germina- | this were elected m rS. 
tion eis Boussingault found that the Mn Var d just | read: — “Remarks on 
changes supposed upa be peculiar ‘to germination | reeeived trom à f riend, in wh mn it-was v aiaiod Jatan sent to the Botan 
went on in the afte ter the young p H es which had ‘be en planted B Bry F. 
a: 1 
inde pendent e existence, a The changes ioh tàke | 
place i int the chemical ‘composition of the _perisperm of 
ports were Raia 
Ba 
by mixing starch, diastase, &c., together, and exposing 
pico grew “much faster than those 
Rubus-te is by no 
having tlie habit of Rubus say 
tin inguished by its bla ws ‘rit sand the — of hai 
them to the action of the atmosphere. 
he al 
seer 
= a v iew. of the use of t um 
aiin Jont ALL réad # paper on The Specific . 
wracte’ tents considered in Morphological | and glands on the The sepals í 
Cinn iexwion. Bearing in mind the two fundamen tal | and the fruit, though P len san itly acid, be = not tha @ tliat be 
ry 
> | all the: organs of vegetation and. on the Saca iae al, sine hich onée observed cannot be ies In the plate 
is} One : i be of Weile and New 
sper ti 
ment tof the young plant, In some eaten it is an organ 
ally modified in nature, it has 
ki ~ p highly etme if not a necessary cone 
of Ru bu us affinis, in thie” inte 
B)i reflexed calyx. 
with 
Ast 
oe 
of support o the e aaite |; sion, | the principal i deat whieh distin; 
as the wood o Viewing BeA n examin p of vegetable mode m the more slender ee s of th 
itm morphologically. it she be ierk _the analogue | we pepet in proceeding ‘from. one individual to another doubt : aa on his mind ers 
ee iterate ten tai soca 
leaves, so the albumen or perisperm consiste tually ther by fixed hv ;ntied in 
bryos os aborted i in their earliest stages of Brelon: ti ean 3, + ie lesen eis conien a een of 
i f another, ot b ident led 
deposited in the albumen “of plants were used by the | butone y hopes cn i ‘tie ae jardm ea spel ren etn 
young plant for the development of its tissues. Th | iffi me introducing inte ‘botany’ this method, Rubus’ Coane and p 
nen hich has b name of Rubus 
ing parts of plaxts, and a appar ntiy fi for by Pàlæontologists; is that atter has | labelled evar ferox’ is 
eu sed for forming the growing tissues: "When | been guided and directe d by a kno cots a ‘the | fune- form by De perme mum mber 
: which Dr. Salter'so 
= cotyledons for the — T diseo While in botan tion nof x 
; y, where we have Mr. Borrer, iclongs 1 to the sectio: 
tithe young p lan i belie «De. premiere views signe å knowledge pa tite: oean Preili t of - va- villicaulis; W.andN., pre considered the 
Aena XA mination, ‘and the chemist must | rious appen ndage ust, if we would at allas is distinguished from. ‘ail j 
ia to. , Beek tiem s ina mm induc- || pera panicle, and byi i 
‘tion’ from an extensive series of observ thus | of bei loosely 
4 E fang pes “conclusion that certain 
as Rubus 
Isingle Teaf or portion of its ao: aaa “The first | 
p aaria author of the * muna 
