E a9,—1845.] - THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 503 
4 2 
—_ who had told me} same eck ie ae oe t had ms sa this et he did 
; hale iat had begun to plough deeper. I went | advantages to be had fi ining ; and here I may | th think the farmers could be charged with being ua unwilling, 
iin and said, “ You are going ra rather „de eep.” He] say to you that Iw wrote the bea day to Mr ‘Dud dgeon, eg himself, ger should be willing to pay fi r cent, 
Sid, « Yes, sir ; this farm if I | of Spylaw, near Kelso, asking him or some explanations | o m money expended in draining the | Bry k occupied, 
Berns ane e deep. ”» Another farm e dis- | respecting draining. The reply which I got rom him jor himself bear half the expense, though he was a 
T ict told me, in regard to cubsoilitig his Hs Potton, I now hold in my hand, [This letter was published in | very humble egan and only a tenant from year to 
© and he had upw. arde sof 60 acres of Pota es, ¢ ‘I am so | our last Paper at page 444.] This letter shows that | year. He had, in fact, himself laid out 72. an acre in 
satisfied with the importance and where men are intelligent, they do not hesitate to lay draining, and that, r gaar, was more than any 
ing for my Potatoes, that I mean to pe i il it every out large sums of money, at the rate of 3/. an acre, tenant Should do (hear, hear). Ithough they had 
i Bo the Pota! comes se are the best larg for a practical farmer, T} er was only to lay out money in order 
E fs of the flee Ba of deepening the soil. Son who cultivates his land now, and rais “ge rom bee to 20 capital in a exy sho rt time, he thought 
A E subsoil-plough, as I have said, can go down 22} bushels.an acre, perhaps pays l. rent per He | very y dies erent, There y 
$ If you rain down to the depth of 24 | improves his land, so that E raises aei 33, to 40 | especially strong vt , of which, after they 
© Geches, and put in a tile ” ‘as small as this, which will oc- bushels, S, "and pay ys still IZ. a-year rent ; a he | were cleared of the su a Aena ar the elay was the 
g E ithin cl t ss cost—his manure goes further— kiki a Juable part, ane might be m ade to produce from 
surface ; but if the tile and sole, as tey usually do, | he can raise erops which he could not do —— 18 to 20 bolls of Whe y cases, in 
5 , | harve st is more secure—his seed time more — | these clayey lands, ie bee almost impossible to to make 
h 
them grow Turnips o drain on such an expecta- 
tion would be peel ‘idie ulous. Drainage might 
ul should be done across th e ridges ; but it cannot be | in ee boa | hood of Durham. that could be | make these lands more y for pasturage, but tħe idea 
| produce double or treble. Whose fault is it| of doing aw rous to. be 
Bean all the tiles. If, the t the d rit thin g gen to it? Ther e are obstac: 'les—the e | enterta ained, “Mr. a grease to detail l the manner in 
‘yew pout the better and ea it is, it is ¢ oq lear hich prevails, o hich he car on. his raming, Ther ridges at the 
4 rained is mai to be made as rich a itl ly being fie r six year a ide of t e field where he had four. 
ol pase tiles m taken up and relai d ‘om, Ta | ail Tie Jrprooeete rag being aed, pak ga ‘which I | yard- sige, and he thegh these too narrow intervals 
subsoil your lar nd th ie depth of fe inches e tena s have Teases for 19 yi . Ilion a re the tiles nee ut up each fur urrow ; and he 
3 “4 d ye 
gurface of the soil. Again, the penalties to be effec- =| the same rex I know that there is much land 
tl d 
EP 
va ntly s off by put Hing his tiles six 
peng pee at 30 com agree ep, an nd th e had drained 
" the tile and sole (6 inches), that Peings you cow t I have not tao on the 
4 a as the depth to which you m ig your WEL pice any wo ‘ought to ig tr the land— —you or the‘land- = first half of the field. Thervards dhe oe: bo 
is was the reas oning which br seek hs rrigivally to | lords, or half you the other half, | 15 feet broad, and he had then the 
ghey drains ought to be 30 ine (eS ep at least, in Th atisa pitan: of agreement in the lease, €. But t the | urrow, Wit th this draining after wet weather, the land 
der that the tiles might n 10t be disturbe d by the sub important questi If. y dry where he iad put the drains in the 
ploughing. + On f: here the | is fi sonly, littl fi ; but in the others it was standing where the 
trumentnow used for va stirring up pof t mae nd the tenant who holds ly |} fi as any 
e fork thus used is merely a E dat fork, Ki four crops, two years “out of the x bei eing in naked | better for it ; ‘and until that _ was — he war 
exceedingly strong. This fork is em loyed, in- | fallow } it would never allow the 
d of the plough, to raise up the subsoil, It is thus | are eni held from year to year. That is the state of colate the aoil rand never page Fee 
ed :—Thr en go abreast across the field, taking | things by which siyo are kept iach, is they are | Mr. S sa impression that 
ut a yard together, and throwing forward the sur- ue depressed by the fears to which I have alluded, I f|produce of this co untry m might t be much improved by. 
te-soil to a depth of 10 or 12 inches; they then take | See Mr. Crofton is in that condition, and I know that | the application of chemical science, improved imple- 
e fork, and go down into the subsoil 12 to 16 inches that there are many others in the same condition. | ments, and money, age e cultivation of the so il He 
fork i d. so. ev 
ths Sag : aching 
urn the 
If it bring anything up, | See how a prudent tenant—unless he have very great of chemical manures, gn at aen or the e country might 
are taken out, while lumps of clay are | a indeed in his landlord, in his life as well + pro ovided, “Of course, there was: 
one with great effect. Now, if at|in is honour, and i in those of his” steward too—how h pital h yed in ‘thus tiling the Jand. 
turn i in dept i 
At ean pes 
n inc 
hes, and if you allow 6 inches for the | I mee great pleasure i in going among ie landlords of ne must hit t give them confide ence in the future ; 
to 30 inches, without any space to the n orth. I take every opportunity of explainin ng t o | becau cause it was quite clear that those pa tat were not 
th f 1 to 
Ae, it brings you 
f ent the fork from goin, g in ile. iend of 1s t They 
nelin Ayrshire, who lately tried the use of the fork i the land were drained—that ir land would be | repay the enterprise of the individual. in n the course of 
Saad that his workmen went into the tiles the f vvalue—that thei: pipe would be kept in | time; and, therefore, unless they could have confidence: 
a they came to. Such occurrences as this have | b tt and that the ey themselves would in the future, no practical man y oney 
“shed me that those men who say that drains are to | be e more pres ey obtain their rents; and I am sure that | in improvements (hear, hear). From course 
Aput 3 feet deep, have a great deal of reason on their |a very great number of the landed proprietors of Scot- | political events, especially during the present session; 
i ay ai not deg that all of you should do it å but I kod: are ol that opinion. But the duty of draining is a ae felt his confidence greatly shaken; and as things. 
$ ; i notwi i 
ein the bank A Erel: they vili in time Big aoe fo or their tenants h of 19 years. Thus the the ‘example of Mr. Dudgeon, the „prudence or impru~ 
r Now, how should t cause he has the benefit | d ith his. present. 
make it i ides es being ur va on ROTA eke as the improvements for 19 years. And if, as Mr. Beaia: for, in h s.opinion, he wonld an imprudent 
vi rains, y must be properly laid | Dudgeon says, he gets. back his money in pl years, man were he, burg resent crear to e pax 
old a ag ate across the | he ag the add itional produce, toe 17 years to|large sums of mon rab in improving | 
The new method— that which is a ee bth g ng e 
to carry them straight down the hill, Koi shortest of "ihe ia uf this alles: ow af could s satisfy | | Hunter (we helie): u would S your return in 
to the bottom. In m many eases. whi ch ha d b as for their benefit, as well as for that of | two years.—Mr. Ji = Ee: Were he to begin 
under the old system the i thei ' tenantry, to drain the wet lands around us, or to to | subeoiling, and | ges i = present state of our 
poe drained a nk he should be acting 
tot now seem woni it, I _ should be ost happy to avail myself of that moat imprudently. on is, he Mee 
F shuld derful that the tae mde em. | m ea’ avail my: that Be age e Ta the sei tb Pr aak paket 
J 
was, som ZEE E Hes GR ty ee eee then Take hang vho looked around them. at the pasa 
ey = Deoria Yas abont to. dra me over the fa Butitis| A friend of his was draining 
And those oth old-fashioned really a duty oh they owe to poe Shee the be bre of about 8/. an acre, i he air, 3.) Ay him, 
dow y yo 
which sheaidered beautifully down Will that repa, u.” His friend said, “ Yes, as he 
to the lover of the pic- | fi t themselves — individually—since 2 will insure them d; but as the rent was only 
so captivating to the eyes of the en- | better rents hereafter, and hegi not obtaine a by | 12s. : an 1 acre, if he were to ‘do it for a tenant, he would 
i i themselves. will 
ough the field, mse. be obtai ned 
i . ‘il, we children. I hope athe that ie. present holders of|rent for it. The , tenant would sa age he _ was nearly 
er of that farm—though e | land will see the pois pA Ge ai fore p e of draining | | dou ubling the reni bh a refuse to pay it. _Now, that was. 
Sı 
ietor’s baili tenantry such | the ort of fee g ly d. Very few 
rae me prin e the draining wa palro ER ining at their |t heir rents doubled iaa 
carried on—that it would be better to carry the | privete cost. There are e many nda rexam- | the land had been so drained. That was æ question 
bien sg Ad hill than in the Moni ing fur- ple, Lord Grey—who are drainin neh, and their saisan paa ng on the nature of the so good 
eseribed to you. _ We not ex 5 e cases eal of the soil st this soni was so poor that even if 
wp rd the only | or even 7 per cent. is s paid for the money expended. it were drained it would not make a return equivalent. 
basis is either to | (“That is too much.”) That jais penssi is not | to such an expense, and ie they would not 
what you say is correct, | the tenant's sen that the land is ed— a h t worth AE es w = * = a cost of 82 
on an ai many y because: 
ioe i yas vas pea ake th Potea in ti t would | the interest of the money expended in doing so would. 
1 d. | be no immediate the landlord Himei. as ei double the tenant’s rent, and to that the tenant would 
5 grows | mond draw a fair re for the money he expe e jobject; Bye hs they could reduce the cost of draining to 
€ better ; | to ProfeSsor Johnston for his € b ti on th ra profi 
ore easy to | hen of this wide distrie 
land | to-hear of the wonderful improvements mak 
thee: dn bod for a had himself bee i sgor ct of mead 
ed. Besides, you are not | improvements ; neither was. ch s surprised that 
d hood pre. noth i ; 
} at least in th Sota Believed in tis try there was a nation 
This lying | the fi had l Bawa: po Sh leases on both sides, in many i ces, and that evil 
2 r to ps digo from the want of confidence in public 
principally tenants from year to arose $ . 
t Were every year out of | one landlord i in aly granting a lease at all (hear, yee What tenant would bind himself to = 
ing atall. Therefore, the | hear). At the same time he knew ibas a sep of Lart | fir rent for land for 21 years with a EE F 
E Haer three | Durham had nyem peppa > a cost | of 20s., if he were in Se 
Sead it wonderful after ped ed ong of m. ‘oF IIL an aere ; and he r pera nag p rod six = > a sod Ge tak. oh 
man knows tee the poorer bp aL n CT i RT ] 3, nge, prices would not be Pemensely reduced? 
ers—could go to any such extent? But he| No poe man, therefore, could sopir eni for 2 
and | knew, Aap. Det iait Fars vao willing to pay a per- | years ; and no landlord i of pog, would 
centage for draining, the land was only let at Qs. | think i aE 4 ease, with such low 
toel b+, per aara, eae been an eye-witness of it. | prices, from any tenant who might imprudent 
the | But ut whilst he was sorry to say that so little improve- hough to the one. ae 
