THE 
ission to invite 
544 
and importance, I I would claim permiss 
attention to the view I have taken of it. 
On what groun 
to Seek un 
cE 
GARDENERS’ 
Ss dee in that medium 
ch we 
or 
eenot. th 
unds, then, does this cire 
sap rest? Dr. Darwin, Kni ght, and 
found that a plant or cutting ving ia up by its | 
aS 
ted 
did they uld r 
— of the which vegetable aeiia a bands al bein 
ri We re on 
CHRONICLE. 
” E egene principles, jal r | poea the orifices of vessels ; for eac 
of st 
a bundle of 
[Ave. 9, l 
a fib Areg 
re, 
vessels. “At the same ti Ao = pe 
that he has rad Pays able to see the cone 
witha 
not. 
e Beh 
near the surface, and the yoots 
o the earth far 
roots, or 
infusi jon, which , passing alo ong. the upper sid 
leaves, is lost at ta extremities ; while a milky or 
e flui id is „seen vessels o! n the ‘to lower sides of the 
es of the | yon 
action of the : manure, rand the gee we a er | 
d by the admis- | 
a soil, b 
stomata,” but pose « 
ji iip ti 2 rk ae e has seen vessels 
Mir ‘el, on the contrary, says, « 
are r of cells,” and M. Kieser conside: ers then 7 y 
rys! 
sion of air, . chemically active—a more "efficient decom- |“ 
medium, and, rge the more ready to give 
That the opinion a tei pasen Sim orifices, for 
mission or emi ssion of a 
pare ciples 
? 
$c Ei se A 
would an w “ed bathe have we that 
st, 
the sap; for I 
cites 
bed and er ude subsoil, notas Mr. 
seeking i in the undistnr 
A fertilising matter, but plain unve- | 
these two finids are identical ? Wha t proof have. we 
Pig ents of chemists favou urs | 
Recent espe 
e 
por ted byt 
are wanting (pe erhaps clos sed) in many ular plan 
so situated as that they roar m be available as 
mouths, thus “they m the lea 
tha 
of th 
. ere i is shat ar 128 rent this 
uid really ase ascends by vessels at all. 
observations so de’ licate, it is 
leaves, 
lower sigh He ? Bot 
coloured sap o: 
De Candolle says hat in 
ing ta the hi getab able principles, sea T 
question very pry pre wy r, as Mr. M‘Arthur states, 
that an unstirred subsoil deriv es fertility sron. the ap- 
outside of the vessels, and that he, in opinion, coincides 
i a Tae Kieser, that all vessels of plants, are probably | v 
nly from 
nd 
te Hanis hith ie r: 
Zostera, Ceratophyllum, &c., and that in plants 
a part ese organs arein water and a part out of 
W Ws coloured effusions, are rendered still „more 
absorbed ty ‘he superineumbent soll the 
to assist the decomposition fh for 
tar) h 
nd all known laws of f mechanics and chemistry, that a 
the result of these experiments, but pe as 5 animal a an 
egeta ble matters | in de ecomposing, for m gases q > when 
the air s are | aT, Tide to 
of | wa 
vesse els 
mation , of “gases than to absorb Shera ee they a a 
t aii then, probable, that the iho: are 
, that tl , and 
to carry 
1 
mre the > elements of water, should pass off, le 
k 
a pur: fied by filtration. 
t f pla 
j na 
deprived of some ili 
OV 
i do t deny that 
nts may take up Sape e odori in 
a State of solution in water, which may be incidentally | © 
v 
the ey are disposed so in A lart as besi 
hr ot 
for catching the rising gases from the be i bei ind 
under side s of the Tea aves of nore 
thus 
ts contd should, iertare any hae assigned 
eine vity, change k —— from an ascending to, a 
than 
becaus e they ha ha ve se ni wer of refusal; 
} gf anes and that 
but I belie 
pal 
wis! 
charge co ring ma m dry bodies, I am not 
ware ee hee do or fivids i generally I ene I 
nay say invariably, | the fluids ev and leave the 
and that e them upon 
as porn as rahe man who, 
ould seatter guano over his fields 
crop mig ght rec eive 
them are aca 
in a ciel day, w 
| by throwing it high. into the air; his 
their position equally mete tot pe 
and in the upper sides onya of leaves resting om 
as being the only sides by which air could enter,4 
not brea (or closed) in the parts of vascular p 
x water. 
ry then that I propose, is, that p 
some body 
= re affinity than to om ids or in the bottom of the 
for though some of the vegetable principles M S 
of the plants, a very 
erered ntained th 
the most serosal colours, even those of 
£ thatairon) 
nee share would evaporate by the leaves. 
I have stated, beg from various instances which I have 
the public through the columns of 
Le 
From what | t 
lants 
nti water oy from the soil by their ra 
which is canned up the plant through its cell s 
hat this water evaporates, piue at = pie 
that this is ts ascent, 
ch 
evaporation 
parenchyma remaining novconily i 
with water. Tl 
an at 
— es the 
SS ae bralia, ee to et thi 
eee eni apr gp ees up by the roots, and 
therefore that the —* sap contains no vegetable 
principles to be elaborated by the leaves. But it ap- 
stoma into t the vessels in a constant curren Ag ii 
velocity, and in “quantity proportional to ae d 
and stimulating causes ; that these gas 
pel 
superabundant parts; the othe: 
n aa borated sap and reconduets it ~ the ste 
supplied be the air, but principally by a stream 
where it a plant has not received the consideration it is entitled 
es for the nutrition of the plan from the earth of decomp contained i 
à Take a tree, S hrat b, an herb, hat these gases, wit e “wa ater contained in 
dans les feu illes; mais l'observation atom ne les its a rach ar its a fate continually in moti on ani parenchyma and with heat, light, and electrici 
a point distinguées ; on ne sait pas mêm y wind; a hot | Upon ther and form the various 
fonctions sont ex Ses alternativemen' px a â p g dry atmosphere heat light, and all in plants, and that thus a re = "T 
es, ou si, ce qui plus vraisemblable, elles } disp g , | general garser or the term, is 
Papanage de deux systèmes diferen: hyll d tl l iM: Goodiffe, Aaa a 
prend syste is p from aie root to pa teat can be te in the jorrespondence e 
Teat t to ake its downward course 
rse : the flui uid and’ dry 
p 
fonie! in the lea 
it isnot even pues aa 
|of the vegetable. reo this returning finid must 
teration of guano, an , 
here we think we sho ould co-operate with pee deti 
the two functions are a s by the 
1 
arf 
on without any 
alterna tive Di or whet th 
y _ The maiii 
t systems, 
i “take 
causes for om or Peat acti 
ers ety contains two “systems of organs, but 
The belief, then, of the existence of vessels for the 
E en 0: Eh L + 4 J Peh 
ion pee pro- have = nehali 
peer r so much interested in eit 
ser tat a pi Men “ Haa oa aoe one connected with ne must scinovinee 
f the plant—it Pe grateful thanks for you r proc oceedin ngs, a 
proceedings as you deseribe. It is w that i 
elaborated j juice, I do not see how it can: I know that 
O! 
and the belief of the circulation of —, - ‘the 
mmencing at irae gets will cause a 
disturbance in adjacen t parts so end and con- 
also be e grateful for the manner in 
5 ght the doi ings of nefarious Sais : 
therwise be nabled to undersell beg Bei de 
existence of these vessels. I think ioa 
re isa large class of plants vaig hake 
cirele. But ther gang Y SATER i aoed; but i combination than the. one in poper si 3 Deban stopping ogei cet ihn ns 
(Mosses, &e. yeni the fluid requ uired for vegetable | a regu ular current t through vessels of an homogeneous pre — JEDA pa eae Devon! 
sustenance, is it not Poleadnalit with sound reason that | fluid; it pins art no ma atter to disturb, for a it C seas A sa -= eee ie t the 
Plants core take up this fluid also, through | and below it a fluid of t xistit PANYERU eee Se 
T cellular tissue ? ‘le year 1845, brought from London 
iy . Rogers, of Tideford ; 30 tons 
oa roots) d aS y ; Rowe, and Co., of Plymouth ; 
progresa th ) oik ae ove aa its existing foe Te & ‘on seen “rot even all be a hich ea ve shaped in i 
t received, and which forms s a | matter, in the vegetable it takes pi lace previous ete at bags Te 2 
em aspen te Th Tryna ace corny pe found that 5 tons had been b 
wane ad —_ ilar ti taken | tio mast tha at of a pi piece of linen: hung out “dry. D e | Mr. Keast, of St. Germans, and 
fist 5 tl eT kai ee f Tideford ; whi ll the 
9 y _ writers do not, “between evaporation this enna hon fain, t oe 
Ehi 
©. 
the former he considers in 
Sai. Bat De Candolle ea this matter "very ; 
he says, h however the richness of a soil may increase 
—_—— the number of its 
ea ey I have taken of it, as a general passing off 
of water from all parts of a plant, and the latter as 
eae but mig ght have “eS 
issuing only cre Wr ager th rough their stoma ; and 
which, althou 
inquiring o of all 
the brokers pal shipping ga 
ort, but cannot find out that any 
mds on the greater 
the a0 iein bate 
develope "of the the ella tissue which fills u p the tradictory to ate a d as te pt the a 
meets es between the fibres. these vase yet is ~ so nae Tor în Aek vona om pe eens Aer me piste vod that St 
ge n a plant t saturated bya a fluid ; I think changes a plant some aqueous particles | ton’s Wharf is a north packs nary wharf, hav ving BY 
oubt whether h tł lved 
il for Last kye 
ned in sap vessels, but we can have no doubt that | E ibn ma be necessary t sh i SREE aa chipping ear 
the wi ine of the parenchyma of _ is fall of dig but 5 afis oe one waka vgs a a pane hg oe “Sf En 
hether by vessels or through the cellular tissue this | recourse to De Candolle, peu whom I know no het 
Huid is conveyed to the een 3 we ae le | authority. Ist then, he sa ys :— :—“ The open orifice f doin wih ae n sin grig iek aet of the — r 
the 
~~ this eget i aid, hig a perspiration. got 
worked u up in the lea 
A 
near the 
observers, with the purer of w orga = 
= Suan free the ‘om Pes appropriate vessels, a 
they ar 
eg 3d “That. there are leaves where „the 
of des 
2a « “ut poor found out on application & to the page ge 
of | would also be well to km 
sont aa 
pee who have t a impudene t 0 offer 
for ‘sale when their stuff aon Be 
<3 2 
proper j epi r the formation of the 
plant. a 
gue ntially is, I think, onsen, A 
t eee bee insplanted in eG 
This approach of stoma in 
rosettes on "m under — of f the leaf of the Begonia 
in it 
ened 
re remarkabl ble upon the ‘leaves of Crassula guano, 
ti has taken place. i. 
on on “ished, whic 
e towards the of thei 
Ditideied to 
ewan sees with the naked eye are heaps of stoma. 
> this free weds. 
alone they ap 
pear This fact suggested to me the idea of the stoma being 
e Devo: 
find oe gee not Scent down à 
from London this year.—W- £- 
