'34.—1845.] 
THE edu nh diddu is Gol te 
ains to me 
wick, Gloucestershire, seems 
= this ques’ estion in so stri iking | a po oint of view, 
al 
to have put | b 
re the use of gypsum was 
in a series 
tri The size of the | 
tank Taeg perhaps be made wi 
ed. 
ith reference to the | su 
f manure from ee the drainage of liquid | seri that the of its qualities m 
4 cs Lye ae Black Horse Ponds,” that I may, i is to take pik e, still, upon the whole, my advice on this | entirely on the phosphates and soluble salts A om e 
: wed briefly to refer to rs Mr. Gyde | sabon would be identical wili that of Mr. Cr mpton, | One excellent quality in the h the ex- 
ag ike no cag ogi voids ann andy 13,0 0 Ibs. of urine, last year, at ig chmond —* Make your tanks large | ceedingly rich phosphate it produced. There was a 
containing 8 sept solid This Ea ” for t should be Feimerabered that when o once | manure which he believed could be made equal to it 
as we ? guano, m itte expen i 
being eq ei n pah ton. Thus Je which T occupy, at Garton, a tank wa rg l i f on ushel of “a vik team 
‘oer of the fertilising Kter eiui in the urine of | of the following re mr viz., 15 fect i in depth 1 by 12| of ur ne, solidifying the whole with well-burnt gypsum, 
a cow is annually 47. No W, in the cas se of a a farm of 1 500 feet in widt h; ircul walled, with seime the | and thea by breaking mn it crumbled into powder, 
acres, it is said d I thi of one “brick, beer with clay, aui and produced one of richest manures they could 
. kept a š “i er of 50 head of cattle, 2 Po horses, and 60 pigs. with Roman cement. ank of this daistaten have. In conelusion, after all that had been said, they 
De if thi of containing Play 13 4000 galls., and it was| might depend upo the b liquid man as the 
a a. "6, 000 lbs., or 20 tons P fertilising matter, of made ‘at the following cost, viz , excavati ion, 22. ; 7400 | rain of heaven. It di solved the soluble sa ied 
E the v alue of 2002. Sterling i is eey produc eira nd, by bricks, 9/. 2s. ; b icklayers’ work, Ja l. 14s. Gd. ; 72 | by man, as well as the more indissoluble salts ts of nature, 
oe .: pier, three it per- | stones of Roma ent, 37. 12s.; lime and sand, say | much more effectually than the art and ingenuity of 
| mitted to run off “into Sched ites or wt occa- | IZ. ; total, As 8s. The next” question is—how to n ean 
' sioning a loss of 15 fas of 1504 in money. In this| make use of the liquid in the most p ofitable way ` Tuo » Esq., of Kirby Hall, said two 
ra doubtless a certain over-statement, occasioned | There te to be two modes of using it in general methods of fixing ammonia haq be een strongly re recom- 
= assumption that the cattle are folded durin peration ; one in æ liqui d tate, the other in combina- | mended. One was , and the 
e yea Sh r, we take the loss at half the tion with refuse v: matter, soil, and road scrap- Siles r by means of gypsu These re the two he 
i. Beon stated by Mr. Gyde, AR ee ae the waste of|ings, The former i greatly in vogue in rs, and Porai to compare, in the first fasten The first 
this materi upon a Pre of 500 s equals 75/. in | other parts of the Continent; the latter is plane ded | step he took was to mix a quantity of carbonate of 
x sufficient und for "he assertion that | by m able farmers in this country, among whom Pey sa gypsum, which were easily soluble, and 
matter demands the attention of practical farmers. may name, Mr. Hannam, Mr. Dixon, Mr. Thompson, of | though gypsum had been strongly recommended, he 
Having thus endeavoured to prove the importance of Kirby, and various-others. so far agree with Mr. | rather sceptical i ec ks. He therefore 
this substance, it remains to show how it may be -| Hannam that where z m ce upply a quantity of| took a certain quantity of ammonia, ep would 
served and applied. ith regard to the preservation | waste soil, such as old banks, head-lands, road-sides, &e, T pma ally combine with a in quantity ypsum. 
f it, the first consideration is how to prevent the ese fficient to absorb the sta 7 the liquid nnually l, but in no as more 
of that most important it gredient— Prana ip: which, d, its fertilizing ingredien in this way con- | th: ian half the ammonia fixed b he use of gypsum. He 
ve stated, when e is sting i na sta ate of carbonate yed to tl i st economical and effectual ‘did 2 say burnt gypsum, oan then it was p 
“state induced by ay WAY But wherever this is impractica able, as on ery | of Pa s, and the moment t the d it with water, it 
of ee), i is a hig ghly volatile sastane, in other r words, many farms it ik be (on the i would oe o e whatever. 
‘the consideration is how to fix rf ammo: nia. There a e | of Bree farms of a r 600 acres, with gros 4 or They had better, therefore, use ground m. In 
es | Modes of doing this. st, it may b hes soil whe ere, this another instance he wish ed to ascertain if 
qual bu Ik of water—water hav- is impra it pply the k 
d 0 uble the 
thie case it becomes necess ary that sink | 
| ba 
sI think, — 
ly ; ete wie veg 
such as stub’ ble, Couch-grass, weeds, &e. 
whi s of manure 
‘psum $ a Taki ta whole two or three feet 
Š , y 
Angered of ree diluted rage must be sigs | more advantageously conv verted into „manure e by bot- AAG a manure heap. After it had b 
t ose o produce equal effect ypsum, o | toming he fo ld J } ith them than Hs. bbe k, he to ok” it out, and having washed it, he found 
1: f Pa aris), OR en intr 1 pou g liquid upon 
>y nto Jsi tank will h | Where ee litter ste a thief “init redient r ine wil duced on the ammonia by gypsw A certain n quantity 
—and the low price a th with liquid is advantageou of ammonia had been fixed, and akete he was 
inedi isa recommendation fori its use. Te is reik lied, Sprengel recomm st ape justified in saying that in all’ eas ommon ground 
however, this ee l kouta aeaa of kea Sine Ei per acre of urine that | gypsum would fix ammonia to , although 
a Ei Ie an impalpable powder ; for b eing a sub- | putrefied five or six* and s states that, by this z ratari sare in fixing it to da eA than 
ce by nature not easily soluble in T, it wan means 9 or 10 per cak of will _ So much for the see cooly of = 
the tank comparatively inert, unless more | be c es w the acre. If a subject of our — Th f using 
duced than it can b us shing or grinding, diser sion we e le ss varying in its n ature than , | sulphate acid. Those who d dis- 
therefore, it is desirable that it should be burnt with | tance from a market ps ise fire procure gypsum at 
ould be frequently stirred from the | greater confidence. But when we oe the i innu- | 34s. a ton at g most, which was rather less than 
m, and the residuum, when practicable, ple ata. merable combination of ci which the | 3-16ths of a ld. per Ib. Sulphurie acid ld cost 
d fresh oan added,—the residuum vee comir , by formation of li quid im sg depends, —the food and | about 3d, per lb., and was considerably more effective 
ata convers sion, ca rbon nate of | a alk nie alth, the temperatur than gypsum, but gypsum was three times heap 
here a hi ust be cbvious that the ap sulphuric acid, He strongly recommend g 
ii svceully used in fixing the ammonia in liquid | pl cation of lh ae Pech to this me eon for this reason : it was almost i ough oo 
n a chemical point of view ae than in the ease of pg oie the amount of sulphuric aci 
Į y „an “this i is the reason why s h di ffer- the tanks, All who had had any expe : 
readily ang speedily w th f ini vantages it ed 
pnia, ‘and leave no sedime 2g the rt enS these | so many cases it has been “pihenden with disappoint | to do`with carboys of sulphuric acid. Tf, also, they 
having t “the ad vantage ò over gypsum. Buty} ment. I may, however, mention one or two successful | poured in ever so little too much of the acid, it ‘acted 
lap the ' most certain, theya are clearly not the cheapest | oe e at Sledmere, which, as is well known the tanks as well as on the manure, and a 
i here, is situate on the chalk, Sir T, Sykes has | effect of the excess of pclae acid would be the 
he od of these substances being now commonly | used liquid-manure on his £ -land for several years | bling to pieces of the tank. ould, 
ld at 1d ee +» or 9s. 4d. per cwt. ; the latter a applies not | n a n be under. a dread òf g in too mueh 
+ per Ib., 7s. per ewt. ; for if, as it is stated by, a to 5000 gallons per acre, he has three or four acid, a nd th and would be that he would always be 
believe, "good au thority, that 1 ib. of Sulphuric or tank 10. 0 gallons, hi af ould thus app ch very nearly 
hors: lishment, &e., these are as fill fF would be produced by gypsum. 
e, the 090 gallons—the quantity of liquid n ma- yearly ; 3 the ea of application is in spring, I hap- There ore, both as to safety and economy, he would 
x ies will es ag is = rgt fo or an ac Oth of May A PrE aoe strongly recommend gypsum; and although its effi- 
i ina had 4/. 3s. 4d. ex pended in its bent (or | paddock } d foals, ciency was not so immediate and great as that of sul- 
st sation), sa ns of aloh: A acid, or 37. th I} phuric acid, Bed wo ae mention an additional cireum- 
fans of muriatie acid. No farm-buildings can be | was n eaa pekin thet tis ‘produced rA est | stance in favour of its use, and that was that it could be 
P the appendage of a tank to i of hay. At ince a I occupy a a farm, a field applied eem ‘and sia more safety in compost, and 
them for collecting the liqui nure. | of five or six acres o Similar sil was 
ng should be the plan adopted on the farm, pos manent t Grame 44; n applieation of | as in the case of sulphurie acid, would help to fix the 
ecessary that drains should be made | liquid manure— daii ie of dünghiils— in neg or May ammoni. ia on the compost heap. Therefore "he -nns 
g-house, with gratings to carry off the! last, at the bose of ~ ge allons to the his sum Ut that gy 
contiguous to the buildings ; but if, mer, although the a ves of its pelong, that fair ly recommended, for whatever gh serra eS ke 
n man e farms, especially in this | part on wie = gad ra Deen eraa nf a maiaa obtained By the great and speedy effect of sulphuric 
the country, the eattle be fed in open yards (well | better EE n the ainde d, havi ving | acid, was s compensated fpr by the safety and 
I do not think it is necessary to mal vhite Clover in it sit ifferen p 
ithin the yards themse! ; for if, before adm ptible wie ere z5 Taid is not applied, a gyps' ‘should be toa 
to them in autumn, the yards be =e a’ white Clover. I believe that it will be bes teh eae u ll th ga quantity of am- 
e dead Conch-grass zad eek that | liquid manure in the spring ; vegetation then pet monia which e had found in different 
d (ins of being burnt) from the} wit eater rapidity, and co ently is in a fitter — ` = z had met pa was 1Ẹ oz. of carbonate of 
redding) omnes, and if a sufficient |state to absorb nutriment, in rainy weather, if pos- mperial gallon of urine. But that was 
g added from time to time | sible, —at all events when the ground amp ; if done 
ed also ing s well Spout ted, the |i t weather, an inerustation is apt to be sis jp miar aleer sa eraris 
the whole, o l the leaves of plants, which injures their | of liquid manmi E a quarter ofan ounce ; that was only 
rbed. If ie there should growt one- he former quantity ; and thus would pr 
Mean ould be provided to THomas SHORT, Es¢., jun., of Mastin, said — m seen the great difficulty of fixi amount 2 
» Which, as I think, will b h he had found’ to = best, of dis mor acid. He thought that the application 
immediately adjacent to the plat- | of surplus urine was to fix with sulphurie acid = about a ton of year ee ‘aoe 
* Spon which the manure is annually rpsum. One hundred pounds o fixt ay Dg and d also recommend that if tm 
Te ould be, if possible an inclined eee 780 gallons of horse urine, This urine | should ed out once or twi pina cn 4 
here the ground admits of it, was conveyed into open tanks, into which were thrown | did not do so, they would soon them Ga 
platform all the man ade | any ikscrent materials that could be found. ` E ¢ f lime. . The n concluded y- 
rT must be cx care- | terials, of course, di ffe red in in powers . The | ing that he would only detain them on eng 
( and close to it ted b on of poe | aed that was what eae ipsa Re Yound that 
made of larger tiles), should a oe — 1,000 toa of urine. Coa r Twitch- | ence to particular sized farm i 
ore quitting a subject , Was oe i cellent absorbent, chon it had | in his own case, having a fold-yard 700 p gone by 
uld mention that I have expe- | Iai gh Pasty or E ik in the tank, it vg a n rede b sg p iian a ooh 
vering it (when dul il = preceding speaker said | fee 
mt” ice. gae Sag bedi nm lon fa e wouid proce 4,000 alos liquid ead by rain and sine, must be capable of 
a. I do not ries a ered aera m Sa hat was probably a 
the ammonia ing by this | of urea when when putrefied with wat ter only | he olding rive i eoaid Biss 
Pop in the dung-bil, but, | 400, Now t one presen 6 : i x o 
the pre- | stance. piace 74 per cent. of nitrogen, the whole of; make. agg spew orc., that he bad found a 
than was the ease | which was lost (® by being converted into carbonate of | tank capable 0 containing 10,000 gallons, if emptied 
