| 49.—1845.] 
THE AGRICULTURAL SASETIS 
713 
th Mr. een a 
in diffusing e ioe nati is, draina; 
be done gradually ar p ese sical nge 
rain-| Mr. tated that, as 
ge | farmer, he had expended 20007. in pn Adi a first | 
u: 
Caird, of Baldoon, si 
ong to attempt it, F — 
from a study, it was 3 quite evident to him that a 
asture ; 
at i and he | he found the oota very expensive, as he be 
would impress upon the aree rs of all ae rE 3-inch bang but mieria he found that tiles one inch | low country. For some years there ult been cas 
tending their eet Sse ania át “ee — less equally effective; and by adopting this lled sheep drains, or open drains, but he 
to provide re e ly T t 
ool d i He looked forward, through time, | was introd wi puki as. per acre;... That tile could easily show them that though these were ee 
o our mechanical skill being able to cheapen the mg Ba of Logan. ne was le agreed with Mr. — that | re the — nature of the p dro oppin gs—or 
ense of til m J lace 2 Sag’ tee! ig be tfall fi e water could beh ad, a greater depth | driblets, as as you call them here, a “the sheep urine ; 
ight be h or >a width now, from t nature of mountainous coun’ 
-i4 Mr. Smith’s experience would confirm. Then the cell niapi, But on some shore soils, like his | in general, the whole of this matter is swept into these 
limit to profitab ——— ee be greatly extended and from 
it would not be confine e Bed or Da they would not be able to = to such a depth. He was thence ; into the sea. Now, whilst this species of ¢ drain does 
40 r acre, this are certa Ferg case. 
EMr. pa of Howell, Sid During t 
` years, ave cut and filled 
miles of eae: in 
“tet ; and I have adop 
the last ten 
co ae above 100} 4 
depths from two to 
ep 
the with shel 
to ae the “water te sedate more ely into the 
rains. 
plus water, it does considerable evil b carrying 
away all this enriching mae You might as well 
E: ioe n a 4 had 
3 
the rest with the clay that h 
he furr: ows—and Mr. Smith fan. ha e corrobo- 
ut The field was sown 
for green crop, and he found that over those 12 drains 
to State. 
wely 
eiie eai om ; set 
pat I have but rec 
would 
ntly 
< made the aE JP] I am heis pleased with it; and 
cn nad been 
up with shi ells, reeds grew, 
shee th for 
neue "sia hars rain ou fom a not a jos 
can ney on certain kinds of hi ea ee a fre. 
quently ‘happened “that a much less ad 
not on any other arà cag! the ews! bg ‘that with h respect | ara 
to the other drains, t clay p a better means of 
u 
down much qane 
r think aaa is i importance, 
can be 
y of the = becomes greater, and the 
eat 
a Mr. mH, “4 Bo py n, pe dg some preliminary re 
arable ; d might safely “be ape p 
a much greater medi 20 or by “feet on arable 
and about double on pasture land. A great eal of 
ere por one point on which he dif- 
con 
maba tracts of “Mossy land. Now, the way to make 
arks, 
fred from 2 Mr, "Elliot, viz. as respected that 
his fi he ha d thought proper not to drain, 
He had I He experience om that subject, | p 
3} 
a good deal of e 
the fiat 
pieces. If they consist of peat ; Moss, then the draining 
process is si imple a and v very cheap. He had _ lately suc- 
A may 
ish farmers; 
security of leases as 
think, did not go to the bottom o 
say, 
he adopted at an baa A tine, that there was very little 
l ch som oh a benefited by 
enough for agricultural | purposes, by drains 
20 feet apart, and 3 feet iE 
und 
constructed 
at a cost of li. per acre. 
ing 50 much for 
yr% in no small degree, to the security a PEA 
enjoy. The e wo ork must, n 
tha¢ I 
thorough-draini ning. After many years’ experience, the | If you purpose the for pasture, you can make 
e same =~ rist would com find the soil which had nea 40 feet apart, and covered up, suflcient to © 
e _ Professor, I | bee: made A dry, wal be at e be es in pro- e water, for 10s. pera oan If peopel 
ich he th all the sh 
indebt Y, would be found, in some lde- comin g down from the higher vn term: gm th 
gree, to ‘to be moist. When any man ; then, instead of all the rich droppings mei, 
o doubt, begin | in the the result of one, two, or three years’ ice, he down fr rom the hil lls be ein: ag carried a away y into the 
experi 
Sometimes Bes a Ons sum- 
hat ni 
es 
upon, said | spea 
and would sete trouble mie with a few observati tions, 
e agreed gen with the 
the advantages of his enterprise and skill, and his mind 
e dra 
t > 
r den, 
e dry, and Well tilled, a fine m 
of the eer oe re. 
ed, in a year or 
Colour was’ observed in the ee ants 
drains. This arose = rea 
ing and; Gabian pocine a on 
tentive subsoil. 
ft. apart He 
s | found that by siei them deeper they were 
had -H 
was not pee drained ; and, on the ee and te 
e there 
“ian an 
pensive. 
and three feet, 
reen 24 | 0 
Pony dow 
e chose arg a 
pe pay be tw 
xe them 
mers ht, so > much so that the farmer and would thus be all left on the ste 2 Sista 
= — 
anbank, having been cal experi rience of rive from the preservation of this rich m: $ met a 
etter worker than a % taht t him ‘at aay S otes fer gga Su ty seme that sid one ann would take the trouble to 
nued periods of wet, and it was small portion of land in this way, would 
aeea = the otter ing sem ces a on real advantages of Patina draining amply very "lay am nd, he said, was known to con- 
e poi tated o1 whi ch uld be able to show them the | tract with heat ; gM were ed in it, down whicl 
I as in some red fal- the rain filtered into t ; and then the air en- 
l 2 bed aes advocated drains of a se tered in, and dried an ‘oil Now, one of his objections 
» he had often ariana pbe ‘wher nr de ishe lled d which to very deep draining was founded on rinciple, 
Errepi and a zi of was but a relative term. The practice in “many that when the distance and depth of the drains are so 
, aS S0 the arts of this country and En gland, had been to make | great as not to allow of the full effect reaching down 
id was “quick! kly hall the bottom, these cracks Lage pt close up, and 
was not ow wing to the manure applied, cae it Was attended with many defects. Then they | therefore the drainage is n ect. He, there- 
t or 3 feet, which was what he had re-| fore, recommended that ha lg ee never be e 
aft tee Bin ne green commended ra the beginning. sa pagod: sa limit | more than 3 feet He. ommended, more- 
Pte over the there for two reasons ; 0 on the o one hand, he that ove t when thorough drained the land d 
tl d|be màde quite flat—ind 3, the land would never be 
d 
thorough rank till m: 
owe evil than direct caning into 
ce recommended Heath, or somethi 
fill 1 up the a but a few rage 
d him 
t that practice one. 
rane ier ight. dine ra ad- 
Syg ploughin ng, whic ae he had always 
ded b precept and example ; but this pr 
sm es re Mr. Smith, of Deanston, w. 
es, 
in width, you may as inom as pi as you 
but he should be able to show aeni pi F 
yond 3 feet deep in clay lands, it was no always 
a a a this or urns that at you 
drain the lan d, but f 
ase a i 
was 
pan above gets soft, if there BOr 
wn through i in sludge. The filling 
ite and thus it impossil 
get ¢ i, reo aa the a of ¥ 
3 
ht 
J 
“The Cuarraan e — had, now got-some 
mormation from 
ver to sacrifice the sth are rs a ge fe: nck draining 
t Ags uld be i bad 
pounds 
our soil, for a paltry saving of a ae of wn 
miles; 
He ‘had made. drains to the extent of 130 
4p of the ridge. 
depth and distance of draining, he 
h greater 
e decidedly protested 
theref 
e | drains = properly nade would last 25 years at ng 
good conditio 
ago, yet never m of them was choked u up. He had 
opened them in many hundred pass and found them 
in every oe ina periit as day the wai Shit 
uding 
own. ore warranted in co! 
derived fro 
is that, 
he drainage in 
a failure it 
countries, led him to state 
t, 
and he was persuaded n st when a man nan departs 4 
that, he is 
never would su 
when drains are chaked or filled up, it is generally in 
them. 
om i made ot enough. ys land was af a very reten- 
unsuitable for growing Turnips—a good 
My drains were 
Sometimes more, but never less, 
beyond that time, they will last for a hundred yı 
He was quite sure that deai would Seach th the | 
have their land torent drained, put 
a every two, makin: m thus only 
18 Teet pom from that e land has 
one Sg 
’ 
farmer the advantages o of draining the driest land he | gi 
arg gl 
see, is now sine to fine 
=. 
ned in this th £ f qid best of Turnips. 
noor a E which T kope, by using. the n to os bottom of the peri Even on god ground | the modes of proia cheap tiles, = said, 
h, will, in ‘a unin occa- | you will find that in rain iods the passing of the that though = had bee done pray way 
aiei call for.. D f mast ae rimit of i im- | water a the sand is too slow, roa in a = he = 2 more could aga be ties ma 
crane pei, tn ep EE ta wt ne Bogen eeu ao Re come! Dr 
i nals, unless the 3 hepa E them together properly he had got fag a made son 
ith assistance. The ne anes 4 dry land d be drained as ease i pou. ver | join ? he now produ mt doy 
» train all th I shift or rotation = is with, the an OnE interlocked with, but did not displace each other. 
oe e land i in so efficient a a way. rain i pom, wh when ‘he wai is = a had b ra & England z — pa into 
—then Oats fa ti e form of a et, bu answer . 
oo mpide as Go whos ten te == is | Those he spoke of sold at 12s. 6d. per 1000. They 
he beginning of a Jense to be ex- | impossi overdrain the land—y t keep the | wo would be today 5 and he had mai = 
ii’ veguhidions be I unless partl ate geal artly 
S aean tions being gu rae lodging i in re soil is to consolidate it T unless you | it it orkai; i was bona pete fad agarat ‘ated 
opinion that the present set ats m 
Tt is therefore of the utmost | discov ich working at for years, bu 
importane tpn Ho en quickly and | which he had lately brought i great perfection : i 
hl With to the o observations that was the ing u peat-moss, e 
ternal aw aoe to the Soa Bet Aor d - found that this article 1 makes a very pa tube, 
| poor To = scat peer te ote Sm Smi so hard As a proof of his, 
e stated that a number of years ago he put a peat into 
