errr 
726 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Ocr. 25 
———————————— mrenmen earns à > 
in these two effects: of digging and ploughing are | mechanical, but-chemieal ; it is the effect of — | ap be further noticed by oe anes or myself, wi 
toned 
that 
summed up thev views:e entertai d of the action of these’ ‘changes taking p place in the: earth: u ie: nder the actio: to. talk: of an overseer 
b ‘new, chem mbinations, by onnt) 
The ractice of (ex sin: the: soil to the: influence of of the soil are subdivided. y .. [lie 
the at op ba f into the inet of = “P; C M” ” names as requisite an ae 
Ou of the d ffect th h hic? water laden i o ha: ndle it 
Sesi a pa are a to be necessary to Tt s only |i ag. 
salts of the earth, to the humus, and to the eres itself. oo admits of such chemical “anges the oe ~ Interest. on might ital.—The pom = i wutlay $ ap m. } 
of the saline to be 4l., and as the Flax can be. ih, ah nin 
$ C8 aligati ) 
shou 
ry 
-i 
A 
3 
ithout a supply 2 ih 
n —_ ther 
naars and as oxygen ag apm ee sup eae it the entary combinations: of the partiokes rather more interest: than our Enyi sh farmers. weal 
posed to snd furnished by the ao alone, prest custom z of e ge prisa are thus-separated and made to charge for. 47., being expended. on their lard for 
— up und ss Or ex) been sentian extensively increased surface to the action oft oe conti 
yor ie o. give ity as has. plants, ‘Plas produced:— t confess whi lot at the 
uth PP log gi ploug f your pede letter ri esaya “h 
~~ a neoa of oxygen. k does not appear very the. pa and. cae bestowed „upon it to render my as neyer saw better ero ps: of Whea at; B arley, or Zeans,, o 
theair Hay exert some influe! he crust of’ the | tained of the source o f oxygen, and, also, the supposed T am at a loss to account for tlie deficient, or, I ittoat 
soil that is exposed to its ian, ee it ‘can go- no: necessity of burying the manure in the Sages g ooh air ay halt mip: w on x. produced. on, such ap ctiy 
bon +} p peared oom — produce of 3 
Ay ceed, 
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d'for the soil; dbubtlen lhe ‘nate of seed so a (whichs T must: suppose, covered’ | 
— eae ions than Denefcal The oe parts ce taker to expose the farrow- slice t to the a im mtn re | has been 73 6-pound stones, sa 32 Irish pounding k 
ey Fok : tständing and as that is little better than a half. c Which i 
aie as pl dee | pees fth once EOT by kaha ahii # geniemen 
t Y Pte 
may be brouglit i g e be, they would_be- necessa: with more particulars to convin' ritish farmerst 
earth. The air has: beem erroneously supposed to|and must be performed. But when science tells us from pise correspondent’s desription of a Ho! 
exert that influence om the soil; which iè really ns that tthe Tounty or Nature, ih supplying the earth t, we can pane re Flax well as 
butable to rain ; the supply of oxygen iš carried'into-| moisture, also.enables the water to th 
the soil: by ev: pe that cng upom its sas ply of oxygen, the labo jour. of t turning up the soil to. the Prios e Flax produced. —Now, of = the parts 
face ; it iers, that water i th 
l n hav: had 
= a = air may by excluded and that the saaran Tomana expensiv e and laborious pooh sea 50 to 70 e pervaere), z deeg T 
i 
bled to hold ir insoluti t| fruitless-toil The plonghing in the: manure, i in mndion, to more’ than: this, "as: L am: more at home for, the last 5, : 
we know by experience that ify t lied with pe years (since I quitted taoming) with: this. part. of the 
that anea aie E ess. labour, founded u of the other. I ha’ aye seldom, ife 
they will not thrive; or sometimes will die. The prac- theory. ; ; the partes of the decom osing aaa of seen Dutch Flax below 50/7, per ton,; in most cases 
tice of tr y. exposure to air np n, is the most prices run from 60/. to 807., and often, 1007., per 
ting- it to atmospheric: influence is no more based in economical “application = aS 3 and t og dressing Sg sp ondent fixes s+ Fes ice eat ds 
view y lispense with ploughing, 50 = e, or l: per ig 8 The Time. 
be giving it rest, and allowing it to. benefit: b by the fara n his letter from pp e given some tres 
The uryii ing t the-m manure in the soil by the action bj cultivation; 
ithas been rea from: time immemorial, and’ has the Pugh is followed by an evil that is not likely to may not be-out of: place, w. wien ae prices:of? the a 
reeeiv ved th e sanctio on of the: e experien ce of “centuries oecurin p-dressi — The la: arvæ of inseets abou d in | qualities: of Flax are noticed in your: Paper, to, notice 
either | his 7 
yarks. He says, 
yet itis now discovered to a par! winter, and thus de troyed; | R. O'Donnell gained the second, prize: at. y 
both unnecessary and wastefal i T venture: „to-| or to be sy ene in, the- soil till r warmth of | sloe Agricultural Show, and presented. a curious coms 
ill calls „them into ex iste ence, That | t of the trast. to another grown near it, by the untaught pea 
pe ughing im afe as th fa gri farm ts, who looked at the fine Flax, value q 
comes. to be better ? ractice z buryin g the manure under the soil; by | 120%}; per ton, in despair ; ‘when their. mism 
oe it sto ‘hat, though the soil which the pupa is effectually preserved durin the production was valued at 28/7: per 
ceive that benefit from exposure to air- whieh: it an winter months from the destructive action of tlie cold, | appea: o be anxious to manage t 
hitherto. been thought: to to: do, that the spade and)| finding in the op Kim effective protection till peep and he adds, “skill 
plough are absolutely requi to. separate the masses | the return of sp n the winter is over and'the | here, therefore, showed a differen , 
of'earth, and prepare it by pelveriantinn for the roots warmth of dieS i THegina to p bie by the earth, vege- | per toe in the value of the cilia tis Po: of a E 
of the plant. That a- certain looseness of texture ofth the | tation active and i è is Peanimated. field.” Now, there is an exe 
y e pupa of the beetle vhs ten pemosam) a the oe on. the first trial, mismanaged a crop prey 
the ve Mago pi n, Surri pa but. 
= ae uch 
uppl yo f vegetation d forth 
is atas tionable; but it g 
the plough, much ‘estoeroedh as: it is, oes a fi th capes a = e Manure just pars crops rat Wheat Bee. wal ns, cae 
h g g ly Ap Tea has. pi “forth its ean Te ee norant in Flax ijn ap after 30 yea 
mpereet to do. pre} t to it fee in its cultivation, appears to me strange indeed. 
plough: is m wedge, drawn n with | exposure of the manure to the roa ee winter ROUT | CYST AS you Cortes ao onde nt — it appear,, that tie 
great foree thot ae earth, = rod ena | top-dressing, destroys the grub, and saves, the f grewing-and prep gx is 
drive this- mechanical power es- according- to the-| from the attack ofthe fly. market in Holland, amounts to 74, 4 
soil. In stiff clay pea ai tom: required to draw Although plo ughing for the kurp of ing the particulars: as expense bi 
it; that is, a power equal to several tons is required to-| soil to the air, and ig ng the from expo: ing 1 acre in Ireland. Mr. J. Acheso 
` drive the wedge-through the ground. (No, no; see: p: | to air and rain, is n operation, a as it appears to me, | sent-me the: foll 
J 5 e ge —_ - ga ree e me coe g + ax seed required for. l T acre~2 bushels 2 pecks, £ 
p ‘would: seem to: be, rather, by its ex- | for the. admission. of oxygenated me raih), pias th pai erated Brices) Ti n E 
treme erana to ense andi compress the soil, | salts of manure, cannot: be- dis aaea ‘pan iji ia — a an acre ab adi pes ae at 8d. each 
Srna a -it If the furrow: is | strument employed, for this purpose, the plou ugh is 1 horse will draw it to the water, Bs. 4d. Fam ai 
= th o! ng compression seen on the > |gulanly defective, both- fr Te compression which i it oo will ie jesan dialtone sayir te ra ml 
The furrow: itself’ is. — h A and shows by. an from £ the little depth.(seldom more than:5 or 6 inches) ten ail gon and thrash the see pent 1s. per day 
i í Teco Hoe will draw it to the mi 
PESEK EE e eo in-some stiff clays- the bottom of question what plan. o of "eal combines the ‘greatest Expenses- ineurred scutching 32 ‘stone. of, Flax atls Lg 
farro u a state known to drainers asa onomy and’ efficiency, and enables. the 
manure: a 
“pan” pene which water ay te b benefit of looeen Sofar the soil’ to receive the fall t sir of the-free.o oxygen. pi s the. weeding, pulling, ee 
e loosening the | rain.— Oxygen done by girls in Ireland, th 
very A The sides of the furrow sem „EDAX CULTURE IN SOUT BEVELAND. he h eae nye me ote ôa, 
equal D mens at of vio was t a pene, Tt is, however, the | ave ti ee pp nea of the 
urns up: thatis more im ely which appeared in our P. wow Tth ilt., ere this, | not surprise an lea; 
the jee of ‘ploughing 5 athe and, , therefore, itis this part | if I ah ewe a e a [TORE the of Fax z Holla 
action in whi mal j l 
iz $ F : ee. tal PCE ; pia “ts b the st pre pr matic manufacturin; 
cess should’ be- especially 5 om ono sitein If ya slice of < mparing th s of Hes Itural labour in Hol- the nih of Ireland, te sa 
k s. Gd. mean Eto 
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y peeweseos 
Bad 
for 
kards oesaglandees i Ae a earth wo ue " ; : d. bef ‘armers’ C| Sab i in Bevela d, which, | n 
e ma AE epee PLE c eee 
— eee Tes al sera eat maen ml a en 
and instead of ‘al ing Fn it: = eg —— 3 pre nat z i m : may Tr ‘anders the exact expenses 
amelde wie: maa again ohio iraia up- before the | a a experiments ragai your columns : g Flax, x. Í bs ver el dat 
peng paige agin hy meat pe [ofrone aore et years in Nofoll and E consider T need |e aas 
himself the action of theplough-and'it tie tes peodeeiog Pan = tat ya heat we Duh repel pi wing ‘been produced offit this seas asen | 
soil, — pereeive, that: sofàr from the soil Selig rendered’ pi __ Rippling. — The T fòr this is more than i$ paid a amet og toe y ploughed ghedi ea if 
in Treland. ee 
Fie more compact and more impervious we mand) Seutehing — pectin fol wees fe 
the delete roots of plants. The "plongle, anan ie ‘appears van extrao: parte po ne amount placed 2 days’ ploughing. ane and rolling s 
or ite this process, 2/. 10s. for th E pi 5 
ives: it isa relic of the barbarous 3 and stones of eam T am aware t ste, seutehing = econ bape «OE ae 
espade-or the- fork in z bythe: hand’ in Ireland'for-10d. per stone, aad Seni amemey sai ide ge -> 
| poe nent were cn my own mill: ‘than Is: Siena E i 
ating e 4 k igi 
5 | manner to: hand seutehing, shown the exact. expenses of ah those wh? 
not| Payment: to Overseer—This item is too absurd to a tee ee ae economy; PY 
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