in the number of special societies has resulted in the elimination of what 
was formerly one of the chief functions of the Academy of Science. In 
spite of this fact the old Council tried a number of different schemes 
calculated to arouse interest in the meetings and it was only after the 
failure of all of these that a definite policy of abandoning the regular 
meeting was decided upon. Money was spent to bring speakers here from 
out of town and different types of programs arranged, without success. 
The three lectures given by Professor Massart of the University of 
Brussels were miserably attended, although the widest publicity was given 
to them, and the faithful few who attended the meetings as a matter of 
duty were frequently humiliated by the handful of people who came to 
hear a speaker whom the Council had invited to appear as its guest.” 
Although the Academy abandoned one traditional activity after 
1918, it doggedly pursued another: between March 1920 and June 1928 
it published eighteen papers in two volumes of the Transactions. These 
papers included: Leo Loeb, ‘‘Cancer, Its Course and Causes’’ (1922); 
R. Walter Mills, ‘‘Medical Fads and Fancies’’ (1924); and Phil Rau, 
‘*The Ecology of a Sheltered Clay Bank: A Study of Insect Sociology”’ 
(1926). 
One of the most significant papers that appeared in the Transactions 
in the years immediately following the war was ‘‘Ecological Studies 
of the Entomostraca of the St. Louis District.’’* The author of this paper, 
Charles Henry Turner, was an outstanding scientist and respected 
member of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. When he died in 1923, 
the Academy published a special memorial issue of the Transactions 
in his honor. The memorial issue contained the text of an ‘‘apprecia- 
tion’’ of Turner, read by Augustus G. Pohlman at a service given at 
Sumner High School; an essay on Turner’s work by Phil Rau; a list 
of Turner’s published papers; and three of Turner’s unpublished works.° 
Charles Henry Turner was born in Cincinnati in 1867. He earned 
B.S. and M.S. degrees from Cincinnati University in 1891 and 1892. 
In 1907 the University of Chicago conferred upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Philosophy, magna cum laude. 
Turner held a number of teaching positions, including Chair of 
Biology, Clark University, 1892-1905; High School Principal, 
Cleveland, Tennessee, 1907-1908; and Teacher of Biology and 
Psychology, Sumner Teachers College, 1908 until his death. Although 
Turner was an excellent educator, he was best known among scientists 
for his research. 
Turner published almost fifty papers during his lifetime on sub- 
jects in neurology, invertebrate ecology, and animal behavior. He also 
composed book reviews that appeared in Psychology Bulletin and The 
Journal of Animal Behavior. Many of Turner’s significant contribu- 
tions were in the field of insect behavior studies. He was the first to 
41 
