Plate 29. 
Each of the ten large blades in this plate bears a notation in Dr. Whelpley’s hand that 
they were found near Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis County, Missouri. One has the 
word “‘grave’’ written on it. It is possible that some or all of these came from one or 
more graves, for there are good records elsewhere in the St. Louis area of this type 
of blade being found as part of grave offerings. Since no notes about them could be 
found among Dr. Whelpley’s effects, it is probable that no one will ever know just 
where, with what else and under what circumstances they were found. 
Dr. Carl H. Chapman in his The Archaeology of Missouri, | (1975, pp. 251-252) 
illustrates and describes this type of blade under the name of Red Ochre Lanceolate. 
The name is derived from sites of a Late Archaic culture called Red Ochre from a 
custom of sprinkling red ochre on burials, It is estimated to date about 3000-1000 
B.C, 
One of the best descriptions of artifacts of this culture is by the late Dr. Paul F. 
Titterington, a medical doctor and a member of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, 
who was an authority on the archaeology of the Greater St. Louis area. His article 
“Some Non-Pottery Sites in the St. Louis Area” in the Journal of the Illinois State 
Archaeological Society, (1950) led to the use of the term Titterington focus in archae- 
ological literature for the variety of Red Ochre culture, which he described. 
Chapman says that the Red Ochre Lanceolate occurs in the Northeast Prairie region 
of Missouri and Illinois. Gregory Perino in his Guide to American Indian Projectile 
Points, 1968, describes the same type under the name of Wad/ow Point. He indicates 
that it is usually found in caches along the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers and the 
lower part of their tributaries from St. Louis to approximately Jefferson City to the 
West and Quincy and Peoria in Illinois to the north, usually on blufftop sites. Some of 
the blades are said to show use as knives, but some appear to have served as blanks or 
— for the making of a notched form called Et/ey, which is here shown in Plate 
ie 
