24 Bird - Lore 



and British Columbia; south to western Washington, northern Mackenzie, 

 and northern Quebec; and east to Greenland. 



The Southeastern Raven (Corvus corax europhilus) breeds in the eastern 

 United States and southeastern Canada; north to southern Labrador and 

 central Ontario; west to Minnesota and Arkansas; south to Tennessee, north 

 central Alabama, and northwestern South Carolina; and east to western 

 North Carolina, New Jersey, Maine, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. 



It was noted at Clinton, Ark., on April 9, 1889; in Fulton County, Ky., 

 October 3, 1887 ; Mendosia, 111., October 23, 1892 ; Trout Lake, Mich., November 

 12, 1896; Grand Rapids, Mich., April 8, 1890; Unity, Wis., October 30, 1914, 

 and Oberlin, Ohio, November 21 and 25, 1896. At Wauseon, Ohio, seven years' 

 record gives an average autumn arrival of November i, with an earhest date 

 of October 10, 1890, and an average of departure in the spring of March 21, 

 with a latest record of April 11, 1891. 



WHITE-NECKED RAVEN 



The White-necked Raven {Corvus cryptoleucus) is even more sedentary 

 than the American Raven. Its breeding range lies in the southwestern United 

 States and Mexico, and extends north to southwestern Nebraska, central 

 northern Colorado, and northwestern New Mexico; west to central Colorado, 

 western New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and Chihuahua; south to Michoa- 

 can, Mex., and Guanajuato, Mex.; and east to Tamaulipas, central Texas, and 

 western Kansas. It is apparently extinct in Kansas and Nebraska. All Cali- 

 fornia and Wyoming records are now regarded as erroneous or very doubtful, 

 and these states are, therefore, omitted from its range. 



Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds 



FIFTY-SECOND PAPER 



By FRANK M. CHAPMAN 



(See Frontispiece) 



American Raven {Corvus corax sinuatus, Fig. 2). The males, females, 

 and young of the North American Ravens are essentially alike in color. When 

 it leaves the nest, the young bird has the body plumage of a duller black than 

 the adult, that of the underparts especially being dull and brownish. This body 

 plumage changes at the post-juvenal molt, and birds in their first winter are 

 indistinguishable from the adults. The juvenal American Raven has a slight 

 greenish gloss on the throat and upper breast, the remainder of the underparts 

 being dull, lusterless brownish black instead of glossy, slightly greenish black; 

 ithe feathers of the chin are pointed and hair-like, as in the adult, but the lower 

 throat lacks the characteristic elongated, narrow, glossy purple-black feathers. 



