The Audubon Societies 127 



(See Encyclopedia Britannica, Century Dictionary, cut under 'sugar-mill') ; send to 

 the United States Department of Agriculture for bulletins on the manufacture of cane- 

 sugar, sorghum, beet-sugar and maple-sugar, also, bees' honey. 



LESSON III. 



What is the principal use of sugar? 



As a food for man, learn the meaning of the term carbohydrate. 



How many different forms of manufactured sugar can you name, telling from what 



source each is derived? e. g. Brown sugar, confectioner's sugar, granulated 



sugar, pulverized sugar, cut sugar, crushed sugar, Malado sugar, liquid sugar, 



syrup, honey, loaf-sugar, malt-sugar. 

 How many products can you name which are manufactured from sugar by chemical 



processes? 

 How is starch converted into sugar? (Correlate with physiology.) 

 What is glucose? dextrose? cellulose? maltose? lactose? saccharose? quercite? 

 Name as many commercial uses of sugar and sugar-products as possible. Are there 



any uses which should not be allowed? e. g. Sugar used to weight silk? 

 Study the history of the use of sugar among different nations. 

 How early was the first use of sugar and among what people or peoples? 



LESSON IV. 



Study the value of sugar, as an article of food and as a commercial product. 



How does sugar act upon the human body as a food? 



What is its fuel-value per pound (number of calories)? 



Compare it with other foods. 



Is it easily digested? is it nourishing, stimulating, heat-producing, or a clog to the 



system? 

 In what quantity should it be eaten for health? 

 What is the food-value of the sugar contained in fruit and other vegetables and 



products not used for making sugar? 

 Does one need to eat a large amount of artificially manufactured sugar in order to 



supply a proper amount of carbohydrates to his diet? 

 In what form is sugar most healthful, pure or manufactured into mixtures such as 



confections, pastries, candy and jellies? 

 Study the commercial value of sugar, with reference to its production in different 



countries. 

 What countries manufacture cane-sugar? beet-sugar? maple-sugar? sorghum? other 



sugar-products of commercial value? 



GENERAL QUESTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS. 



What animals other than man like sugar? 



Do any birds like sugar? Can you name a species? 



Look up Sugar-bird, Honey-eater, Sap-sucker. 



Do animal-tamers ever use sugar in coaxing animals to do tricks? 



How is sugar connected with disease? 



Is sugar of value in medicine? 



What birds nest in the sugar-maple? in or about sugar-cane grown in the United 

 States? 



Two practical ways in which boys and girls can study sugar, are, first, to make some 

 sugar from sap or sweet juices, and second, to learn how to use sugar in combination 

 with other articles. Try jelly-making and learn how to make jelly with varying amounts 



