The Migration of North American Birds 



SECOND SERIES 



XI. CANADA JAY, OREGON JAY, CLARKE'S NUTCRACKER, 



AND PINON JAY 



Compiled by Harry C. Oberholser, Chiefly from Data in the Biological Survey 



(See Frontispiece) 



CANADA JAY 



The Canada Jay {Perisoreus canadensis) is confined to the forests of Canada, 

 Alaska, the northern United States, and the Rocky Mountain region. Its well- 

 known habits about mountain camps have earned for it the name of 'Camp 

 Robber.' It is almost strictly resident, although it straggles occasionally in 

 winter beyond the southern limits of its breeding-range. It is divided into five 

 subspecies, the ranges of which are given below. 



The Canada Jay {Perisoreus canadensis canadensis) is resident in the 

 northeastern United States and middle Canada, north to central Quebec, 

 northern Ontario, and the northern limit of trees in northern Manitoba and 

 northwestern Mackenzie; west to eastern Alaska, northwestern British 

 Columbia, central western Alberta, and northeastern Wyoming; south to 

 northeastern Wyoming, southern Manitoba, northern Minnesota, northern 

 New York, northern Maine, and New Brunswick, east to New Brunswick 

 and eastern Quebec. It is also of casual occurrence during winter south to 

 Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Nebraska. 



The Rocky Mountain Jay {Perisoreus canadensis capitalis) ranges in the 

 Rocky Mountain region north to southern Alberta and central British Col- 

 umbia; west to central Oregon, northeastern Utah, and eastern Arizona; 

 south to central eastern Arizona and northern New Mexico; east to middle 

 New Mexico, central Colorado, southeastern Wyoming, and central Montana. 



The Alaska Jay {Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons) is resident in the forest 

 regions of Alaska, south to Cook Inlet. 



The Labrador Jay {Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus) inhabits northern 

 Ungava (Quebec) and Labrador. 



The Newfoundland Jay {Perisoreus canadensis sanfordi) is apparently 

 confined to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. 



OREGON JAY 



The Oregon Jay {Perisoreus obscurus) , a close ally to the Canada Jay, occurs 

 in the Pacific Coast region of the northwestern United States and southern 

 British Columbia. Its three subspecies, with the geographical distribution of 

 each, are as follows: 



Oregon Jay {Perisoreus obscurus obscurus). Resident in the Pacific Coast 

 region of the northwestern United States, east to the Coast Ranges, from 



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