Autumn Birds in Alcona County, Michigan. 9 



south by a third less east and west. In the northwesterly 

 portion of the south half is East Twin lake, about three-quar- 

 ters of a mile east and west by a third less north and south ; 

 the other twin lying just west of it. The village lakes are 

 separated by a high sand ridge, the nearest point between 

 them being some 300 yards. The village dwellings are mainly 

 clustered on the southerly side of this ridge just east of Twin 

 lake. An abandoned railway grade runs east from the vil- 

 lage on the line between Harrisville and Haynes Townships. 

 The latter township is on the north side and the first two 

 miles in sections 31 and '32, respectively, while the first mile 

 of Harrisville Township is in section 6. One-quarter mile from 

 the village we come to low ground covered with second growth 

 swamp maple, birch, poplar, etc., with a scattering of hemlock 

 and small tamarack. This low land is nearly all south of the 

 grade, or in section 6, and reaches nearly to Crystal lake, which 

 is just north of the grade and about half a mile from the vil- 

 lage. This lake is about one-third of a mile east and west by 

 slightly less north and south and one-third of a mile east of it 

 is " mud pond," some 600 feet east and west by 400 feet 

 in width. Along the northwest margin of Brownlee lake is 

 a small woods of hemlock, arbor vitae, etc., with a few hard- 

 wood on the higher ground. On a hill one-half mile north 

 of the west half of the village is some thirty acres of genuine 

 hardwood forest, mostly beech, oak and maple, abundant in 

 the order named, and extending northeasterly from this woods 

 are lowlands, densely covered with small hemlock, pine, 

 spruce, arbor vitae, yellow birch, etc. The southwest corner 

 of the village touches some eighty acres of lowland similar to 

 the above, except that it contains a solid ten-acre patch of tall 

 tamaracks. This lowland is separated from East Twin by 

 a ridge running east the length of the lake and thence south- 

 east. There is quite a valley between this ridge and the one 

 supporting the building section. This was formerly a cedar 

 swamp, but is now covered with low bushes and thick weeds. 

 The ridges are more or less under cultivation, but in most 

 cases with the stumps still standing. From the high point 



