Field Notes. 151 



ou the bluffs, and on neighboring islands have been mentioned. 

 In the yard of Mr. B. A. Kinsley a pair built a nest, which was not 

 occupied, but in the trees back of the home of Mrs. M. A. Jordan, 

 two broods of young were brought out about a fortnight apart. 



The progress of the Cardinal above McGregor to the mouth of 

 Yellow River, a distance of five miles, has been marked. Mr. 

 W. H. C. Elwell, who is on the river often in his launch, reports 

 that he frequently sees or hears the species up to that point, but 

 the bird has not yet appeared in Lansing, Iowa, a few miles farther 

 up the Mississippi River. Its increase westward from the river 

 has not been notable except up Sny Magill Creek for about four 

 miles, where it has been found in small numbers. A farmer teV.s 

 me that in April, 1913 he saw nearly a dozen Cardinals on the 

 bluffs near this creek, and one was noted by the roadside in a 

 severe blizzard on March 1. Still farther westward from this 

 point the appearance of this species has been but temporary. 



In Wisconsin the northern advance of the species has been at 

 about the same rate of speed. It had pushed up the Wisconsin 

 River as far as Blue River by the spring of 1909. In the next two 

 years they had followed the course of the Kickapoo River for 

 twelve miles to a point a half mile north of Steuben, where about 

 the home of Mr. Lee Wanamaker they are fed in winter, and may 

 be seen almost daily throughout the year. 



In Wisconsin the northern advance of the species has been more 

 rapid and over a wider territoi*y than in northeastern Iowa. It had 

 liushed up the Wisconsin River as far as the village of Blue River 

 by the first of 1909. About the same time it was following the 

 course of the Kickapoo River northward, until it was foimd in Gays 

 Mills toward the last of December, 1908, a female Cardinal having 

 been identified tliere by Miss Ellen Hammond. A year later she saw 

 a pair of these birds six miles farther north, and not infrequently 

 afterward the species was either observed by her, or reported to 

 her as seen by others in various portions of the Kickapoo Valley. 



A brief summary of the progress made by the Cardinal shows 

 that from a very rare bird in 1906, by the autumn of 1913 it has 

 become fairly common in several localities. From a point two 

 miles below the mouth of the Wisconsin River it has pushed east- 

 ward along that stream upward of thirty miles, and northward 

 along one of its tributaries a distance of thirty-two miles. On the 

 Iowa banks of the Mississippi it has advanced and become com- 

 mon for at least eleven miles. 



Althea R. Sherman. 



National, loica. 



