534 A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM SUMATRA. 



ous dorsal and lateral line; 11 scales in an oblique series up to lateral line from 

 origin of anal; 16 scales in lateral line; width of head 2 in its length; depth of 

 head, over middle of orbit, l-L ; snout 4 ; eye 3| ; maxillary 3-1- ; interorbital space 

 3 ; last dorsal spine 1^- ; second anal spine 1| ; least depth of caudal peduncle 2 ; 

 pectoral 1. 



Body elongate, compressed, greatest depth at origin of ventral, and upper pro- 

 file a little more convex in front. Caudal peduncle compressed, and its depth equal 

 to its length. 



Head small, deep, and upper profile evenly though slightly convex from upper 

 jaw to occiput. Snout short, broad and convex, upper jaw projecting a little. Eye 

 small, a little above middle of depth of head, circular, and its posterior margin a 

 trifle before middle in its length. Mouth small, oblique, mandible slightly protrud- 

 ing beyond upper jaw, distal expanded end of maxillary about two-fifths of orbit, 

 and reaching a little beyond its front rim. Teeth uniserial, compressed, with 

 truncate extremities, and forming cutting edges in jaws. Vomer and palatines 

 edentulous. Tongue rather elongate, narrow, pointed, free and moderately far 

 back in mouth. Nostril circular, midway on side of snout. A small pore close in 

 front. Interorbital space a little broader than eye and convex. Preopercle with 

 minute irregular or jagged edge. Opercle with two short spines, one at angle most 

 pronounced 



Gill-opening extending forward opposite front rim of orbit. Gill-rakers 7 4-17, 

 slender, elongate, a little shorter than filaments, which are about two-thirds of orbit. 

 Pseudobranchife about half of orbit. Isthmus narrow, compressed, its edge a little 

 flattened, and membrane forming a short fold across. 



Scales large, finely ctenoid, broadly exposed, and largest on middle of side. 

 Smaller scales crowded along bases of vertical fins, and still smaller or minute 

 scales extending well out between spines and rays. Along bases of spinous dorsal 

 and anal a line of demarcation, indicating profile of trunk, evident. Base of pec- 

 toral with minute scales. Small scales crowded on snout, interorbital space, top of 

 head, and around eye. Four rows of scales on cheek. Lateral line convex, slightly 

 recurved near its termination below bases of third or fourth dorsal rays. Below and 

 a little above middle a series of ten scales, each with a puncture, continue to base 

 of caudal. Tubes of lateral line simple. At beginning of lateral line a large scale 

 thickly covered with small scales. 



Spinous dorsal inserted well in advance of origin of pectoral, margin of fin 

 notched with a cutaneous flap behind tip of each spine, and spines more or less 

 graduated to last, which is longest. Soft dorsal inserted nearly midway between 

 middle of pectoral and base of caudal, ra3's graduated to sixth, which is longest, 

 and prolonged into a filamentous point reaching about three-fifths length of caudal. 

 Anal inserted about opposite eleventh dorsal spine, second spine a little more than 

 twice length of first, or about equal to half of, eye and postocular region. Soft anal 

 similar to soft dorsal, larger, and seventh ray longest, not quite reaching middle of 

 caudal. Posterior rays of both fins much shorter than anterior. Caudal deeply 



