Value refers to a hue's lightness or darkness — its nearness to black or 

 white on the value scale (figure 11). Intensity or saturation indicates the 

 purity or brightness of a hue. At one end of the saturation scale a hue is 

 most pure and bright. At the opposite end are the dulled or neutralized 

 hues. 



Figure 11. — Value chart showing the range of grays between black and white. 



The first-known use of a wheel arrangement of hues is shown in figure 10. 

 Moses Harris devised this system in about 1 766, and since his time many 

 color theorists including Chevreul, Munsell, Ostwald, and others have 

 developed and modified this theme. 



Red, yellow, and blue are the basic or primary hues on this color wheel, 

 since no mixture of colored pigments will produce either red, yellow, or 

 blue, but mixing varying quantities of the primaries will theoretically 

 produce all other hues. Pairs of primaries make the secondary hues: 

 orange from red and yellow; green from yellow and blue; purple from blue 

 and red. Between the primaries and secondaries on the Harris color wheel 

 are hues which combine a primary with its adjacent secondary. These 

 include red purple, purple red, orange red, red orange, etc., with the 

 second part of the color name indicating the predominating hue. Thus by 

 mixing pigments one can theoretically achieve the following results: 



Primary 



RED 



+ 



BLUE 



Secondary 



= Purple 



BLUE 



+ = Green 



YELLOW 



YELLOW 



RED 



= Orange 



Tertiary 

 less purple 

 less red 

 less purple 

 less blue 

 less green 

 less blue 

 less green 

 less yellow 

 less orange 

 less yellow 

 less orange 

 less red 



+ more red 

 + more purple 

 + more blue 

 + more purple 

 + more blue 

 + more green 

 + more yellow 

 + inore green 

 + more yellow 

 + more orange 

 + more red 

 + more orange 



purple red 

 red purple 

 purple blue 

 blue purple 

 green blue 

 blue green 

 green yellow 

 yellow green 

 orange yellow 

 yellow orange 

 orange red 

 red orange 



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