Soak the fresh sumach leaves and twigs in water overnight. The following 

 morning boil them for 30 minutes, strain the liquid and add water to make 

 a mordant bath of 4 to 4% gallons. Wet the material thoroughly, squeeze 

 out excess moisture and soak it overnight in the mordant bath. 



The next morning squeeze moisture out of material and, without rinsing, 

 work it for 10 minutes in a sodium carbonate solution kept at 120° to 140° F. 

 Remove the wool and set this solution aside. Squeeze excess moisture 

 from the wool and work it in a cool ferrous sulfate solution for 30 minutes. 

 Again remove the wool, squeeze out excess moisture, and return the 

 material to the sodium carbonate solution for 15 minutes. Rinse thoroughly. 

 Tie the logwood chips in a cheesecloth bag, cover with water and heat to 

 boiling; continue to boil for 20 minutes. 



Finally, add fustic extract to the dye vessel containing the logwood 

 solution and boiled-out chips. Add enough water to make a dyebath of 4 

 to 4)^ gallons. Immerse the previously treated material and heat to boiling; 

 continue to boil for 30 minutes longer, and pass the material through a 

 warm potassium dichromate solution. Rinse well, work in warm soap 

 suds, rinse again, and dry. 



Madder {Rubia tinctorum) 



The ground root of the madder plant yields a dye whose attributes 

 have been known for centuries. It can be grown in this country; however, 

 since it takes considerable effort and time to raise it in sufficient quantity 

 for use, a dye house or botanical house would be a better source. 



Lacquer-Red Wool: alum mordant 

 Golorfastness : good 

 1 pound wool 

 8 ounces madder 



Use alum mordant (see pages 67 to 68). Soak the madder in a small 

 quantity of water overnight. The following morning heat it to boiling 

 and pour the hot liquid into 4 gallons of cool water. Before immersing 

 mordanted wool in the dyebath, thoroughly rinse it and squeeze out 

 excess moisture. Immerse the wool; heat the bath to boiling and continue 

 to boil it for 45 minutes, rinse and dry. 



Dark Lacquer-Red Wool: alum mordant 

 Golorfastness: good 

 1 pound wool 

 1 pound madder 



Use alum mordant (see pages 67 to 68). Soak the madder in a small 

 quantity of water overnight. The following morning add enough water to 

 make a 4 to 4}^ gallon dyebath. Before immersing mordanted wool in the 

 dyebath, thoroughly rinse it and squeeze out excess moisture. Heat the 



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