Prof. Milne — Across Europe and Asia. 29 



those formations with the Hessle beds. The sections now given by- 

 Mr. Mackintosh may be advantageously compared with those of 

 Holderness in the plate accompanying these pages, which was drawn 

 by me in 1872. The limit in elevation of the upper clay in its 

 marine form in Lancashire Mr. Mackintosh puts at 150 feet,^ and he 

 refers the accumulation of it to the same agency as that to which I 

 refer the Hessle clay. The molluscan fauna of the upper clay, as 

 well as of the middle sand and lower clay of the same region, has 

 lately been described by Mr. Shone in a paper before the Geological 

 Society ; but as it is not yet published, I do not know what additions 

 he may have made to those species from these beds which have at 

 different times passed through my hands (and of which I have kept 

 notes), or to the list given by Mr. T. M. Eeade in vol. xxx. of the 

 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Societj'', p. 30.* A comparison 

 of them should be made with the list of species from the Hessle 

 beds (Kelsea Hill, March, and Hunstanton) given in the tabular 

 list to my father's Crag Mollusca Supplement in the volume of the 

 Palfeontographical Society for 1873, extended by a note at page 121 

 of the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, vol. xxxiii. ; not 

 forgetting, in the case of the shells of the middle sand and upper 

 clay of the North-west, the probability of their having to a more or 

 less extent been derived from the destruction of beds of Moel 

 Tryfaen age. It will also be found, I think, that the middle sand of 

 the Lancashire low ground has been confounded at high levels with 

 sands of Moel Tryfaen age, which belong to the latest part of the 

 Upper Glacial, as well as, possibly, with gravels of Kame origin, 

 which, though they belong to the Hessle period, are of somewhat 

 later date ; having been formed by the subaerial melting of the 

 glaciers of the Hessle period during the wane of the minor glacia- 

 tion, and therefore either synchronous with, or posterior to, the 

 upper clay. 



in. — Across Europe and Asia, — Travelling Notes. 



By Professor John Milne, F.G.S. ; 



Imperial College of Engineering, Tokei, Japan. 



(Continued from Dec. II. Vol. IV. p. 568.) 



VIII. — Lake Baihal to Kiachta and across Mongolia. 



Contents. — Lake Baikal to Kiaciita — Description of route — Volcanic district near 

 PoTorotnaya — Volcanic district of the Tunka — Across Mongolia — Kiachta to 

 Urga — Description of Mountains — Drift — Urga to Kalgan — Description of 

 route — Granite Boulders — Volcanic Rocks. 



ABOUT 5-30 P.M. on Thursday, 13th November, I said good-bye 

 to Lake Baikal, and branched off upon a road to the right 

 leading to Cabansk. Along this road, which was a very bad one, 

 there was an apparently untouched forest of birch and pine, with 

 here and there a clump of aspen. For some distance upon my left 



^ Mr. T. M. Reade, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxx. p. 30, gives shells from 

 apparently this clay (Brick clay) at 175 feet. 



^ This list, in so far as it refers to the occurrence in the Crag of species named in 

 it, contains several inaccuracies. 



