14 8. V. Woocl,jun. — American and British Su^^face- Geology. 



imported by Mr. Geitie into his book, conveys what I regard as an 

 erroneous view. 



According to that diagram ' and description, the morainic material 

 is represented as having been derived from ice moving from X.E. to 

 S.W., that is to say, from the coast inland, and transversely to the 

 strike of the formations from which its moraine was derived ; in 

 fact, from the direction of Scandinavia. The moraine alsb is re- 

 presented as though it extended over the Chalk Wold, and the whole 

 of it had come from N.E. to S.W. by a process of push or overlap, 

 extending a little way only however, and not so as to prevent the 

 morainic material being mainly identical with the formation on 

 which it rests. These things do not, in my experience, accord with 

 the facts. With the exception of the part to which I have already 

 adverted near Flamborough Head, and the mouth of the Pickering 

 glacier-trough, and some very small patches elsewhere (one of which 

 is on very high ground at Huggate), the Chalk Wold is destitute of 

 Glacial clay of any kind, both in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. 

 Where it abuts against the western side of the Lincolnshire Wold, 

 the morainic material certainly assumes its most chalky aspect, 

 becoming little else than reconstructed Chalk, but its path has 

 been mainly parallel and not transverse to the Wold. This woul(J 

 have been seen if a map which I drew of the Glacial and Hessle 

 beds over Lincolnshire and South-east Yorkshire (and which accom- 

 panied the author's private copies of the Memoir by Mr. Eome and 

 myself) had been allowed to appear in the Journ. of the Geol. Soc. 

 To remedy that defect, and to render the views discussed in the 

 present paper more intelligible, I have given by photo-lithography 

 a plate which contains a map of South-east Yorkshire and most of 

 Lincolnshire, with the sections in illustration of it, which formed 

 one of several that I some years since prepared for a work on the 

 later Geology of East Anglia, which I contemplated, but which 

 failure of health and other reasons made me relinquish. 



From this map it will be seen that the moraine to which the 

 chalky clay of East Anglia owes its origin (and which is indicated 

 on it by the black shading with white dots) streamed down from 

 the north-west in the great trough between the Chalk and the 

 Oolitic escarpments of Lincolnshire ; from whence expanding south- 

 wards it spread over the Eastern and East Midland counties. Its 

 northerly diminution and eventual cessation some way south of the 

 Humber shows, I consider, that the morainic chalky clay is not in 

 the position in which it was generated beneath the ice, as Mr. 

 Skertchly's diagram assumes, but that most of it has travelled and 

 been deposited far from its place of origin ; while its absence to the 

 west of the Yorkshire Wold is altogether repugnant to that motion 

 from the coast inland, upon which in the case of Lincolnshire Mr. 

 Skertchly insists. Between Castor in North Lincolnshire and a 

 point a few miles south of York, Mr. Eome and I could find no 



1 Great Ice Age, p. 358. The diagram itself appears to be an application to the 

 case of LincoLashire of the one given by Mr. Tiddeman in illustration of the 

 formation of Till in North Lancashii-e and the adjacent country, in the 28th 

 volume of the Quart. Journ. of the Geol. Soc. p. 481. 



