70 



Trof. Milne — Across Europe and Asia. 



the water-parting, and apparently the axial line of the granitic 

 nucleus. In the afternoon we passed Tainan, a large and compact 

 town, beautifully situated beneath a high rugged clump of granitic 

 mountains. Beyond this town we emerged upon an open plain, 

 and we were not a little pleased to be relieved for a time from the 

 rough jolting we had been undergoing in our springless carts over 

 bouldery roads. 



The occurrence of granitic rocks in this portion of Shantung, 

 coupled with what has been observed further to the north-east, as, for 

 instance, near Cheefoo, would indicate that this province has altogether 

 an axis of granite rather than one partly of Devonian Limestone, as 

 indicated upon Mr. Pumpelly's " Hypothetical Map of the Structure 

 of China." ' Although we now travelled upon a plain, high moun- 

 tains yet remained both upon our right and left. That night we 

 crossed the river Van Ho. It was about 100 yards broad, and deep 

 enough to reach the axle-trees of our waggons. 



Next morning, Feb. 13th, we bent our course towards the east, 

 and turned up a slope on to a low part of the hills, which upon the 

 previous day had been upon our right. These were granitic, and 

 round and undulating in outline, reminding me in contour of some 

 of the mining districts in the vicinity of Land's End in Cornwall. 

 From the materials used in building houses and walls in this 

 district, I think that, in addition to the granite, limestone must also 

 occur. The ground around was, however, covered with quartz and 

 degraded felspar, the result of the decomposing granite. During 

 the afternoon our course was S.S.E. along a plain six or eight miles 

 broad, bordered right and left by hills, which were partly limestone 

 and partly granitic. The limestone hills were seen first upon our 

 left, but afterwards upon both right and left. These dipped at about 

 15° N. About 5 P.M. our road led us over a ridge of earthy red 

 beds, which dipped at 10° N.W. Disseminated through them were 

 nodules of white calcite. 



All next morning (14th Feb.) we travelled over limestone projec- 

 tions, and boulders produced by weathering, which made our 

 road so uneven, that we could not remain in our carts. A large 

 town called Moiinshan, which we passed, had walls built out of 

 this grey limestone. I also noticed blocks of conglomerate, and a 



Alluvium. Limst. Alluvium. 



_ _,J^^^^''\'--i I-.'-.-- -/'/<-/ -^^'^ 





K.E. 



S.W. 



Diagram. — Section across the valley near Dowdjoa, Shantung. The mountains 

 are granite, the floor of the valley is limestone, with a superficial covering of alluvium, 



1 See Contributions to Knowledge, No. 202, of the Smithsonian Institute. 



