Prof. Milne — Across Europe and Asia. 71 



reddish sandstone. On our left we still had hills consisting of a 

 yellowish grey limestone dipping S.E. at 10°. Farther on, the lime- 

 stone became blackish, then shaly, and afterwards pinkish. This 

 limestone is not so hard and cherty as that which I saw when enter- 

 ing the Shantung mountains. About midday, near Dowdjoa, the 

 granite again commenced, both upon our right and left. On this 

 the limestone appears to rest, and on that again the alluvium, as 

 illustrated in the accompanying section taken from N.E. to S.W. 

 across the valley down which vre were journeying. 



During this part of our course we crossed the sandy beds of many 

 small rivulets, which either found their way through a gap in the 

 mountains upon our right, or else joined a stream running parallel 

 with us. 



Next day, Feb. 15th, the country appeared rapidly to be growing 

 flatter. After passing Pinghaho, within the distance of a mile, we 

 crossed the successive outcroppings of the following foixr beds : — 



1. A volcanic rock forming a rounded knoll. 



2. A Red Quartzose Sandstone. 



3. Beds of Black and Yellow Stales, wliicli were very thin, fissile, 

 argillaceous and slightly calcareous. 



4. Overlying all the above, a highly Calcareous Sandstone, which, being 

 harder than number 2 or 3, stood above them as a small ridge. 



These rocks, which strike N.E. and S.W. and dip 10° E., from their 

 lithological resemblance to the rocks of the Coal-measures, I take as 

 belonging to that formation, as indicated in Mr. Pumpelly's map, to 

 which I have before referred. About half an hour after passing 

 these beds, I saw the outcrop of a porphyry containing large crystals 

 of felspar, which was immediately followed by a granitic country 

 traversed by quartz veins stained with iron oxide. 



At 2 o'clock in the afternoon we forded a large stream, 50 yards 

 broad, running towards the south-east, and immediately entered the 

 large town of Ejow. 



At 6 o'clock in the evening we forded a rapid river running to 

 the right, called the Yee Kai, and entered the town of Yee Kai San, 

 where we remained for the night. 



Next day we were fairly out upon the open alluvium plains, and 

 the only hills we could see were some very low ones, away upon 

 the western horizon. On Thursday, the 17th February, we crossed 

 the gravelly bed of an old river which must have been 200 yards in 

 breadth, and, from the direction in which the sharp edges of the 

 piers of an old bridge were yet standing, must have run to the left. 

 On Friday the 18th, we travelled a short distance along the embank- 

 ment of a canal about 50 yards broad and running east. About 

 midday we walked through the embankments and across the old 

 bed of the Hwang Ho, which is now under cultivation, immediately 

 afterwards entering the town of Tsingkianpu, where we left our 

 carts and engaged a boat upon the Grand Canal. The stream being 

 with us, and the wind favourable, we travelled rapidly. On Mon- 

 day we passed a breach in the right bank, and obtained a view of 

 the Lake Koieokho. This lake is about 15 feet deep, and is con- 

 nected with the canal, which, at this point, is itself only 2^ to 3 feet 

 in depth. 



