88 Reports and Proceedings — 



gories — an earlier or Capreoline, and a later or Axidine type. To 

 the Capreoli he referred the following species : — Dicroceros elegans 

 Lart. [ = Prox furcatus, Hemel), Cervns dicranoceros, Kaup (in- 

 cluding C. anoceros and trigonoceros, Kaup), and Cervus Matheronis, 

 Gerv. {=C. Bravardi), from the Miocene, and Cervus anstralis, 

 Gerv., and G. ciisanus, Croizet & Jobert, from the Pliocene. To the 

 AxEiDES belong Cervus Perrieri, Cr. & Job. (including C.issiodorensis 

 and pardinensis, of the same authors), G. etneriarum, Cr. & Job, 

 {=.G. rusoides, Pom., and C. perollensis and stylodus, Brav.), G. 

 suttonensis, sp. n., and C. cylindroceros, Brav. (including C. gracilis, 

 Brav.), all from Pliocene deposits. Besides these, the author noticed 

 a species incertcB sedis under the name of Cervus tetraceros, Dawkins, 

 which he regards as coming nearest to the Virginian Deer, or Caria- 

 cou (Cariacus virginianus). From the examination of the antlers of 

 these species he indicates that in the Middle Miocene age the cervine 

 antler consisted of a simply forked crown, whilst in the Upper 

 Miocene it becomes more comj^lex, although still small and erect, 

 like that of the Eoe Deer. In the Pliocene it becomes larger and 

 more complex, some forms, such as the Gerviis dicranios, Nesti, 

 being the most complicated of known antlers. The successive changes 

 are analogous to those observed in the development of the antlers of 

 the living Deer with increase of age. In the Miocene we have the 

 zero of antler-development, and the Capi'eoline type is older than 

 any other. The nearest living analogue of the Miocene Deer is, 

 according to the author, the Muntjak (Styloceros), now found only 

 in the oriental region of Asia, along with the Tapir, which also co- 

 existed with Cervus dicranoceros in the Miocene forests of Germany. 

 The Pliocene Deer, again, are generally most nearly allied to the 

 oriental Axis and Eusa Deer, the only exception being Cervus 

 ciisanus, the antlers of which resemble those of the Eoe, an animal 

 widely spread over Europe, and Northern and Central Asia. The 

 alliance of these Pliocene Deer with those now living in the Indian 

 region is regarded by the author as a further proof of the warm 

 climate of Europe in Miocene times, confirmatory of the conclusions 

 arrived at by Saporta from the study of the vegetation. 



3. "On the Occurrence of Brancliipus (or CMroceplialus) in a fossil 

 state, associated with Archceoniscus, and with numerous Insect-remains 

 in the Eocene Freshwater Limestone of Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight." 

 By Henry Woodward, Esq., F.E.S., F.G.S. 



The remains of Crustacea and Insects noticed in this paper were 

 obtained by Mr. E. J. A'Court Smith from a thin bed of limestone 

 belonging to the Osborne or St. Helen's series at Thorness and 

 Gurnet Bay in the Isle of Wight. The collection is the result of 

 about twenty years' work. The insect-remains comprise about fifty 

 specimens of Diptera, including wings of Tipulidse and Culicid^, 

 and the pupa apparently of a Gnat, one wing of a Hemipterous 

 insect, and a flattened Homopterous insect identified by Mr. F. 

 Smith with Triecpliora sanguinolenta ; two specimens referred to the 

 Lepidopterous genus LitJiosia ; only three Orthoptera. one a Gryllo- 

 talpa, the other two belonging to a Grasshopper; thirty-five Hymen- 



