98 William Davies — Pleistocene Mammalia. 



the characteristic spiral curve. Of the first or milk series of teeth 

 there are but few in the collection ; the larger portion of the true 

 molars are of aged adults, for the ultimate molar alone is represented 

 by twenty-four specimens, many of large size, and some much worn. 

 They nearly all exhibit the typical characters and structure of the 

 teeth of the Siberian Mammoth; the enamelled plates being thin, 

 numerous and closely set. 



The Tichorhine Ehinoceros is represented by a fine skull nearly 

 perfect, and containing a series of five molars on the right side, and 

 the fourth premolar on the left ; the cranial portion of another skull, 

 detached teeth and bones. The skull is interesting as showing an 

 extensive fracture of its facial portion, just in front of the interorbital 

 platform, and just clearing the anterior orbital rim. The fracture 

 had subsequently healed, but had left a large scar on the bone, 

 causing a deflection of some three or four degrees from the median 

 line of the cranium. This deflexion also extends, but in a greater 

 degree, to the palate and premaxillce ; it has also affected the nasal 

 septum, which has been forced on one side and its symmetry de- 

 stroyed, being convex on one side, and concave on the other. The 

 animal appears to have lived long after receiving this fearful injury, 

 probably derived in an encounter with one of its own kind, or with 

 one of the huge Mammoths its contemporaries. 



The remains of the Eeindeer {Cervus tarandus), consist of a 

 cranium, wanting the facial portion, a ramus of a mandible and 

 portions of antlers, one a beam more than four feet in length. The 

 species above noticed only occur in deposits of Postglacial age, the 

 other species given in the list above as having been found with them 

 are common both in Pre- and Postglacial formations. 



The remains of the Carnivora, usually rare in river or other 

 aqueous deposits, are few in number, consisting only of the ramus of 

 a mandible of the Hyaena, a skull and cervical vertebrae of the Wolf, 

 and a femur of the Bear, the species undetermined. The Cervid^ 

 are represented by crania of two males and a female of the great 

 Irish "Deer (Cervus megaceros) ; crania of the Red Deer (C. elaphiis), 

 and also several vertebrae and portions of antlers of species not 

 determined. The Bovidee are represented by horn-cores, teeth, verte- 

 brfe and limb-bones, and the Horse by the occipital portions of two 

 skulls, and bones of the trunk and limbs. 



The finely-preserved mandible of the Walrus, with the exception 

 that the coronoids are wanting, and that the teeth have fallen from 

 their sockets, is in every other respect perfect. Its age may be a 

 moot point ; nevertheless, from its state of fossilization and external 

 colouring, which are the same as many of the undoubted fossil bones 

 and tusks with which it was found associated, I am led to claim for 

 the Walrus a place in our lists of British Pleistocene Mammals, where 

 it has hitherto not been admitted, though Mr. Thomas Southwell, 

 in an interesting paper upon this animal in " Science Gossip," for 

 January, 1877, p. 3, states that "the skull has been found in the 

 peat near Ely." If this find can be authenticated, it has as good a 

 claim to be regarded as a British fossil as the Grampus skull dis- 



