Geological Society of London. 181 



dents: R. Etheridge, Esq., F.E.S. ; John Evans, Esq., D.C.L., F.E.S. ; Prof. J. 

 Prestwich, M.A., F.R.S. ; Prof. A. C. Eanisay, LL.D., F.E.S. Secretaries: Prof. 

 T. G. Bonney, M.A. ; Prof. J. W. Judd, F.E.S. Foreign Secretary : "Warington 

 W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.E.S. Treasurer : J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.E S. 

 Council : H. Bauerman, Esq. ; Prof. T. G. Bonney, M.A. ; Prof. W. Boyd Daw- 

 kins, M.A., F.E.S. ; Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M B., F.R.S. ; E. Etheridge, Esq., 

 F.E.S. ; John Evans, Esq., D.C.L., F.E.S. ; Henry Hicks, Esq. ; W. H. Hudle- 

 ston, Esq., M.A. ; Prof. T. McKenny Hughes, M.A. ; J. W. Hulke, Esq., F.E.S.; 

 J. Gwyn Jeffreys, LL.D., F.E.S.; Prof. T. Eupert Jones, F.E.S.; Prof. J. W. 

 Judd, F.R.S.; J. Morris, Esq. ; J. A. Phillips, Esq.; Prof. J. Prestwich, M.A., 

 F.R.S. ; F. G. H. Price, Esq. ; Prof. A. C. Ramsay, LL.D., F.R.S. ; E. H. Scott, 

 Esq , M.A., F.E.S. ; Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A , F.E.S. ; H. C. Sorby, 

 Esq., F.E.S. ; Admii-al T. A. B. Spratt, C.B., F.R.S. ; Rev. T. Wiltshire, M.A., 

 F.L.S. 



III.— February 20fcli, 1878.— Henry Clifton Sorby, Esq., F.R.S., 

 President, in the Chair. — The following communications were read : 



1. "Notes on the Physical Geology of the Upper Punjab." By A. B. Wynne, 

 Esq., F.G.S. 



The author stated that crystalline rocks are rare in the accession parts of the 

 Upper Punjab district, and that when present they consist of syenite and gneiss. 

 The Cambrian and Silurian formations are represented by more or less metamor- 

 phosed azoic slates in the Himalayan district, and in the Salt Range by a zone less 

 than 200 feet thick, containing either Obolus or Siphonotretn, underlain by a thick 

 unfossiliferous sandstone, beneath which is a deposit of gypseous marl and salt. 

 Above the Silurian in the Salt Range, and conformable to it, comes the Magnesian 

 Sandstone group and a group of unfossiliferous sandstones and clays ; in the Hima- 

 laya these deposits are probably represented by an unfossiliferous siliceous dolomite, 

 wiaich rests unejonformably upon the slates. There are no fossils indicative of rocks 

 of Devonian age. The Carboniferous rocks, which are also conformably deposited 

 on limestones, sandstones, and shales, the last sometimes carbonaceous. These 

 deposits contain haematite in pockets, and the oldest known Ammonites have been 

 found in them. An infra-Triassic group occurring in Lei Bau mountain consists of 

 red shales, sandstones, and red quartzitic dolomites, overlain by lighter-coloured 

 siliceous dolomites, which in their turn are covered by haematite, quartz breccia, 

 sandstones, and shales. The author believes these to have been deposited by the 

 same waters which subsequently laid down the Trias, which is largely composed 

 of limestones in the noi-thern Himalayan area, and here and elsewhere includes 

 dolomites, shales, and sandstones. Numerous fossils occur in some of the beds, such 

 as Dicerocardium, Megalodon, and Nerincea. In the western part of the Salt Range 

 conglomerates composed of great blocks are regarded by the author as evidence of 

 proximity of land. The Jurassic deposits are local in their distribution, and consist 

 of shales, sandstones, and limestones, containing abundant fossils, such as Belemnites, 

 Ammonites, and Saurians. A dark limestone contains also GryphecB and Trigonim. 

 The Cretaceous deposits, when present, are conformable to the Carboniferous ; they 

 are variable in thickness and fossil contents, and are not recognizable near Attock 

 between the Jurassic and Nummulitic groups. Further east a group, supposed to 

 be Cretaceous, includes clays with boulders of crystalline rock, which the author 

 regards as derived from land to the south. One of these boulders presented glacial 

 striae. The Eocene rocks are generally limestones, and lie conformably upon the 

 subjacent formations. The Nummulitic series of the Salt Range includes gypseous 

 and coaly shales. The salt beds sometimes attain a thickness of over 1000 feet. 

 The Miocene and Pliocene deposits are of immense thickness, and contain only 

 fossils of terrestrial and freshwater origin, so that the deposits were formed in lakes 

 and inland seas. The Tertiary epoch closed with the elevation of the Himalayas 

 and Salt Range, which was followed by a long period of change, during which 

 various deposits were produced, some including great quantities of erratics, which, 

 however, the author believes were brought to their present position rather by floating 

 ice than by the extension of glaciers. 



2. " Description and Correlation of the Bournemouth Beds. Part I. Upper or 

 Marine Series." By J. Starkie Gardner, Esq., F.G.S. 



