Reviews — Keller'' & Lalie-Dicelllngs. 227 



character of the human work is so like that from the more recent 

 deposits, that some further evidence may be desired before this 

 remote antiquity for Man is generally accepted. 



In conclusion the author gives a summary, pointing out the brief 

 duration in time of all the giant types, and gives an impartial 

 anatysis of the conclusions which we have condensed in the pre- 

 ceding pages. He considers that from the doctrine of Evolution we 

 should be justified in regarding a deposit as Eocene if the mammals 

 were numerous, but unlike those now living and unassociated with 

 true Euminants, Solipeds, Proboscidians and Apes. In the older 

 Miocene we should expect to find living genera rare, Marsupials 

 disappearing, Pachyderms passing into Horses, and the incoming of 

 true Euminants. In the newer Miocene Marsupials would be lost, 

 but Euminants, Horses, Whales, Edentates, Elephants, Carnivora, and 

 Apes, are represented by numerous individuals and many genera, 

 some of which diverge from living forms. While in the Pliocene 

 the genera are mostly still living, though the species are extinct. 



No popular exposition of palseontological results, so clear and pro- 

 found, and intelligible to all who have a slight acquaintance with 

 Natural History, has ever before been offered to scientific students. 

 And the 300 excellent woodcuts carry conviction home better than 

 words could do, and make the work invaluable for easy reference to the 

 chief forms of fossil mammals. Points of difference with an author 

 presenting so many striking and suggestive ideas must almost inevi- 

 tably occur to readers; and for ourselves we may say that the reasons 

 given are not altogether convincing that the even-hoofed Ungulata 

 were the parents of the odd-hoofed section of the group, because 

 the argument, to have been conclusive, should have been carried 

 from the digits up to the fibula, and not from the fibula to the 

 digits. And we venture to suggest that no cause competent to 

 modify the relations of the fibula could be found elsewhere than in 

 the influence of digital development and modification upon the tarsus. 

 But although such like arguments may sometimes need a little 

 more elaboration, no one can rise from the perusal of the book 

 without being conscious that an invaluable survey of the Mammalia 

 has been made by a great master of the subject, or without a feeling 

 of gratitude to its distinguished author. H. G. Seelet. 



II. — The Lake-Dwellings of Switzerland and other Parts op 

 Europe. By Dr. Ferdinand Keller. Translated and arranged 

 by John Edward Lee, F.S.A., F.G-.S. Second edition, greatly 

 enlarged. In two volumes. Eoyal 8vo. vol. i. pp. xvi. and 

 696, with a frontispiece and 50 woodcuts ; vol. ii. pp. 28 and 

 206 lithographic plates. (London : Longmans, Green, & Co., 

 1878.) 



OWING to the great impetus given of late years to all branches 

 of Prehistoric investigations, the publications on this subject 

 have become so numerous that one almost needs to take advice in 

 order to ascertain what to read, think, or avoid, on all Quaternary 

 matters. We may, however, without hesitation, recommend to our 

 readers such undoubtedly standard works as Prof. W. Boyd- 



