356 Reviews — SouthaWs Epoch of the Mammoth. 



11. — Land Plants in the Silurian Eocks. 



Count Saporta, in his report to the Academy of Sciences on the 

 Fern {Eopteris Andeg aver sis), obtained from the Silurian slates of 

 Angers, remarks that this important discovery was forestalled in 

 America, where remains of Silurian land plants had been found. 

 The first of these, found some years ago by Dr. S. S. Scoville, in 

 shale of the Cincinnati group, and provisionally referred to Sigillaria, 

 were briefly described in the American Journal of Science for 1874 

 (p. 31). Dr. Newberry also noticed them in the same Journal 

 (p. 110), and considered they were casts of some large Fucoids or 

 marine plants. These remains have been again studied by Prof. 

 Leo Lesquereux, together with other specimens sent to him from 

 the Silurian of Cincinnati and also from the Lower Helderberg sand- 

 stone of Michigan, which, from their characters, seem to him to 

 be evidently representatives of land vegetation, and the description 

 of them was communicated to the American Philosophical Society 

 (Oct. 19th, 1877).' The following are the species noticed ; PsilopJiy- 

 tum gracillinum, P. cornutum, Annularia Bomingeri, SpJienophyllum 

 primcevum, Protostigma sigillaroides. 



Prof. Lesquereux remarks that the character of these Silurian 

 plants, described by him, give us a microcosmical representation of 

 the flora of the Carboniferous, so simple and at the same time so 

 admirable in the multiple division of its specific forms ; and thus we 

 now have represented in the Silurian — 



1st. The Lycopodiacece, by species of Psilophyton, diminutive forms 

 but primitive types of the Lepidodendron. 



2nd. The Ferns, by a species related to Paleopteris or to the group 

 of the Neuropteridce, which is the most common species of the coal. 



3rd. The Calamitece, by Sphenopliyllum and Annularia, these 

 forming two sections related to the Equisetacece. 



4th. The Sigillarice, placed by some authors as an order of plants 

 between the Conifers and the Cycadese, and here represented by the 

 Protostigma. 



5th. The Fucoids, represented by Calamophycus septus. 



J. M. 



liE'VIEAAT'S. 



L— The Epoch of the Mammoth and the Apparition of Man upon 

 THE Earth. By James C. Southall, A.M., LL.D., Author of 

 the " Eecent Origin of Man." Crown 8vo. pp. 430. (London : 

 Triibner & Co., 1878.) 



WE give the size of this book lest it should be confounded with 

 the royal 8vo. issued by the same writer on the same topic so 

 ently as 1875. This rapid re-composition reminds us of the 

 method of the late Sir Charles Lyell; but although Dr. Southall 

 writes easily, he does not yet possess either the caution in collecting 

 and weighing evidence, or the charming philosoj)hic style which 



1 Proc. Anier. Phil. Soc. 1877, vol. xvii. p. 163, pi. iv. 



