Reviews — BarrancWs Ceplialoiwda of Bohemia. 363 



to the initial portion of the shell of the Cephalopods in the three 

 families of the NautilidcB, Goniatidoe, and AmmonitidcB. And closes 

 this portion of his paper by proposing a few questions, which, in his 

 opinion, must be answered before we can establish any idea of filia- 

 tion, or derivation, between the Nautilidce, Goniaiidce, and Ammoni- 

 tidcB. These are — if true that the Goniatites and Ammonites are 

 derived from the Nautili, why is their siphon invariably on the 

 convex side ? why is it never inflated, or nummuloid as in the 

 NautilidcB? why, under these two points of view, is there never 

 any trace of atavism, amongst the Goniatida and AmmonitidcB ? 



The second part of the work under review is devoted to the 

 discussion of the vertical distribution of the Cephalopods in Palaeo- 

 zoic countries. It will be found to give a wonderfully detailed and 

 careful summary of all the known facts, as to the occurrence in 

 successive formations of the various genera and species. The 

 horizontal distribution, or occurrence in local groups, is also fully 

 discussed. And the special distribution in Bohemia given in much 

 detail — into which we cannot follow the author. In this portion of 

 his work, also, no possible opportunity is omitted to indicate the 

 apparent contradiction between facts and any theory of evolution. 



The third part gives a general resume of the author's studies on 

 the Cephalopods, taken under the separate heads : 1. Investigation 

 of any traces of evolution of the Cej)halopods, in the first appear- 

 ance and successive re-appearance of generic types, and in specific 

 forms. 2. Similar investigation as to each of the elements of the 

 shell in the Paleeozoic Cephalopods. 3. Eemarkable peculiarities — 

 (a) in structure of shell ; (b) unexplained connexion, between dif- 

 ferent elements of the shell ; (e) forerunners of types — avant- 

 coureurs — the species ' prophetiques ' of Agassiz; (/) connexion 

 between the existence of large siphons and the brief duration of 

 certain types, and the geographical distribution of their species ; 

 (g) the anachronism exhibited by the forms intermediate between 

 generic types. And then, 4. Final conclusions. 



With some additional notes, among which will be found quoted, 

 with much satisfaction, the labours and conclusions of Mr. T. David- 

 son on the Brachiopoda ; of M. Grand'Eury and Mr. W. Carruthers 

 on evolution in the Vegetable Kingdom, as represented by fossil 

 plants, M. Barrande concludes this very important and remarkable 

 brochure. We shall just give in a few words his final conclusions. 

 It will be obvious from the headings we have given, that it would 

 be impracticable to give the necessary space for any full discussion 

 of his results. 



He says (p. 230) : On the whole, we have not discovered any trace 

 of the supposed evolution, either in the first appearance or in the 

 ■vertical reappearance of the generic types of the Cephalopods ; or in 

 the appearance and succession of their specific forms; or in the 

 appearance of the elements of the shell. On the contrary, we see at 

 all ages, the genera, the groups and the species, without any genetic 

 connexion, rise and disappear with a suddenness and without inter- 

 mediate forms, which are inexplicable ; while we have also proved 



