Reviews — Felix Karrer on the Vienna Aqueduct. 477 



it embraces districts for which the Survey Maps are not yet pub- 

 lished " ; whilst the work itself will be heartily welcomed by all, 

 the completion of the second volume looked forward to, and doubt- 

 less not a few will wish that yet a third may be added that shall 

 comprise the Zoology of this interesting district. B. B. W. 



II. — The GsoLoaT of the Emperor Francis-Joseph's Aqueduct at 

 Vienna. A Study of the Tertiary Formations on the West 

 Flank of the Alpine Portion of the Neighbourhood of Vienna. 

 (Geologie der Kaiser Franz Josefs Hoch-quellen-Wasser- 

 leitung. Eine Studie, etc.) By Felix Karrer. With Twenty 

 Plates, and numerous Illustrations in the Text. Published for 

 the Imperial Royal Geological Institute. 4to. 420 pages. (A. 

 Holder, Vienna, 1877.) 



THIS is a very fine large volume, brought out by the Austrian 

 Geological Survey, at the expense of the State, and elaborated 

 by the care of that excellent geologist and palaeontologist Felix 

 Karrer, with the co-operation of Suess, Fuchs, Jellinek, von Sacken, 

 Teller, and many other friends, whose aid he acknowledges in the 

 preface. 



The great Aqueduct lately constructed to supply Vienna with 

 water from the Kaiserbrunnen, distant 11:| Austrian miles, and the 

 Stixen stein Springs, about 9^ Austrian miles from the main reservoir 

 at the Eosenhugel, and thence by pipes into the city, is the subject of 

 this noble work. The nature and localities of the sources, and the 

 topographical features and geological structure of the ground, are the 

 main objects in view, besides the gradients and the engineeriug and 

 architectural characters of the actual works, as conduits and chambers 

 at the springs, open channels, tunnels, bridges, and reservoirs. 



The geology of the Vienna Basin is treated of in a general way in 

 the Introduction ; and a valuable list of books and memoirs bearing 

 on the subject, from 1500 to 1875, is appended. Additions to this, 

 down to 1876, are given in the Appendix, at p. 403. The twelve 

 large plates of well-drawn sections, illustrating the line of the 

 Aqueduct, with their associated plans and sketches of the country, 

 elucidate the physical geography very clearly ; and the fine geologi- 

 cal map, by Th. Fuchs, of the neighbourhood of Vienna, including 

 the Eosenhiigel, and forming pi. 19 (published also in vol. ix. of the 

 Transactions of the Geological Institute of Vienna), adds greatly to 

 the value of the work. 



The formations traversed by the Aqueduct from the Kaiser- 

 brunnen on the S.W. (191-30 Vienna fathoms above the Danube 

 water-mark at Vienna) to the Eosenhugel on the N.E. (46 28), on 

 which the main reservoir is situated, comprise Post-Tertiary — 

 Alluvium and Diluvium; Tertiary — the Congeria-beds, the Sar- 

 matian beds, the Mediterranean beds ; Triassic — the Upper Trias 

 or Wetterstein-limestone, the Guttenstein-limestone, the Werfen- 

 schists ; Older Bocks — Grauwacke-schists. 



The Triassic rocks come to-day at the Kaiserbrunnen, resting 

 on old schists, in which the valley of the Schwarza is here cut for 

 some distance. Congeria-beds succeed as far as Ternitz, where the 



