THE CAMPANULAEID^ AND THE BONNEVIELLID^. 21 



It is, moreover, interesting to note that all of the calypteroblastic forms have hydranths 

 that conform either to the Garveia or to the Eudendrmm type ; ^ that is, they have either dome- 

 shaped or trumpet-shaped hypostomes and a single whorl of filiform tentacles. 



A further differentiation of the hydrotheca in Eudendrium vaginatum, in which the chiti- 

 nous investment would become free, would result in a colony very closely resembling the Cam- 

 panularidse, so far as the trophosome is concerned. It should also be noted in this connection 

 that Kiihn ^ has called attention to the resemblance existing between the Campanularidse and 

 Eudendridse in the mode of growth of the colony, both being by means of the production of 

 lateral buds from the stem or branch. 



Indeed, there seems to be nothing in that writer's mvestigations that would militate against 

 the view that the Campanularidse may be derived from the Eudendridse, or else that the two 

 may have community of descent from some other form.^ 



STSTEMATIO DISOUSSIOI^ OF THE OAMPAI^ULAEID^. 



Trophosome. — Calyces pediculate, campanulate or tubular, radially syrometrical, without 

 operculum; but usually having the cavity separated from that of the pedicel by a diaphragm. 

 Hydranth with a trumpet-shaped proboscis. Stem without distinct axial and peripheral tubes. 



Gonosome. — Gonangia containing blastostyles from which either planulse or medusse may 

 develop. In the latter case the medusse are leptomedusse. 



The first mention I can find of this family name is by Johnston, who uses and defines the 

 word "Campanulariadse" in his British Zoophytes,^ and indicates that he had previously 

 used the same family designation in Transactions of 'the Berkshire Club, p. 107. He includes 

 not only the Campanularians proper, but also "Larfma dumosa" which would now go into 

 the Lafoeidse, and his definition "Embryos medusiform" would exclude all members of the 

 genus Campanularia, which do not have medusiform embryos. 



Louis Agassiz, 1862,' in discussing genera of the campanularian hydroids, recognizes the 

 genera Clytia, Orthopyxis, Campanularia, Tiaropsis, Laomedea, Ohelia and Eucope. But this 

 author does not discuss the genera. In his Tabular View (p. 351), he does not present any 

 designation which would be equivalent to the Campanularidse of the present time, but men- 

 tions a number of families of medusse among which are Eucopidse, including Eucopea and Lao- 

 medea, and Oceanidse, containing a number of campanularian forms, such as Clytia, Platypyxis, 

 WrigMia {= Calycella) , Orthopyxis, and Hincksia (= Campanularia). 



Hincks in his classic work* gives the following: "Campamdarudse. Hydrotheca terminal, 

 pedicellate, Qampanulate; polypites with a large, trumpet-shaped proboscis." He is not con- 

 sistent in admitting under this defuiition the genera Campanulina and Opercularella which have 

 hydranths with a typically conical proboscis. He admits the genera Clytia, Ohelia, Campanu- 

 laria, LoveneUa, TTiaumantia.s, Gonothyrxa, Campanulina, and Opercularella. 



Allman (1864)' gives a scholarly discussion of the classification of the hydroids in which 

 he uses the word "Campanularidse" in its present form. He recognizes the genera Campanu- 

 laria, Ohelia, Laomedea, Hincksia, Gonothyrsea, Trichydra, Calycella and Campanulina. 



Allman, in his Report on the Hydroida of the Challenger Expedition,^ uses the spelling 

 "Campanularidse" and defines the family as foUows: "Trophosome. — Hydro thecse borne by 

 peduncles, campanulate or tubular; hydrocaulus not enveloped by peripheral tubes. 



^ An exception to this statement must be made in connection with members of the family Bonneviellidee to be 

 described beyond. 



^ Sprosswachstum und Polypenknospung bei den Thecophoren, 1909, p. 391. 



^ Since 'm-itiag the above the author has received the excellent monograph of Dr. E. Stechow Hydroidpolypen 

 der japanischen Ostkiiste, Miinchen, 1913, in which the possibility of commimity of descent of the Campanularidse 

 and Eudendridse is indicated in the table imder the heading Systematische Betrachtimg, p. 16. 



■• Second edition, vol. 1, 1847, p. 101. 



= Cent. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, 1862, p. 297, et seq. 



« British Hydroid Zoophytes, 1868, p. 137. 



' Construction and Limitation of Genera among the Hydroids, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 13, 1864, p. 371. 



8 Part 2, 1888, p. 18. 



